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Jefferson buys Louisiana from France, doubling the size of the country in one barely-constitutional action.
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U.S. explorers Lewis and Clark head west on their two year, 8,000-mile expedition, to explore the new Louisiana Purchase territory.
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At the Battle of Tippecanoe, Indigenous peoples led by Tecumseh fight and lose a major battle opposing White settlement.
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Napoleon Bonaparte surrenders after a devastating loss at the Battle of Waterloo, ending the Napoleonic Wars in Europe.
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The Erie Canal opens, making New York the Empire State
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A tragic siege at the Alamo becomes a legendary battle in the Texas War for Independence.
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U.S. President James K. Polk confirms that quantities of gold have been discovered and Gold Fever strikes thousands who rush to California.
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The ominous Compromise of 1850 over enslavement delays the Civil War.
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U.S. abolitionist and writer Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811–1896) publishes Uncle Tom’s Cabin as a book and sells 300,000 copies in its first year.
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The Kansas-Nebraska Act breaks the previous compromises over enslavement.
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The United States is torn by the Civil War.
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Five days after the war ends, President Lincoln is assassinated.
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A hero of the Civil War, Ulysses S. Grant (1822–1885) becomes president of the United States.