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Period: 30,000 BCE to
Beginnings to exploration
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20,000 BCE
Bering Lad bridge
The first Americans came 27,000 years ago on the Bering Land Bridge. It was a connection between Asia and North America that allowed people from Asia to come to North America. The Bering land bridge was formed by a narrow channel called the Bering strait. Which allowed our early Americans too cross the 1,000 mile bridge and settle the early Americas. When the ice age happened sea levels around the world dropped and a land bridge merged from the sea and the two continents connected. -
1325 BCE
Aztecs
The Aztecs arrived in Mesoamerica around the beginning of the 13th century. The capital of the Aztec Empire was Tenochtitlan which is located in modern day Mexico. They had one of the largest empires with 20 million people. They were know as a very materialistic culture. The aztecs were very known for their culture by committing human sacrifice and using the caste system. Human Sacrifices were apart of their religious ceremonies. -
100
pueblo culture
Pueblo Indians are American Indians who live in pueblos and have a long tradition of farming. Pueblo Indians who lived long ago are sometimes called the "ancestral Pueblo" because they are the ancestors of today's Pueblo people. Another name for the ancestral Pueblo people is Anasazi. In the Southwest, a pueblo is a settlement that has houses made of stone, adobe, and wood. The houses have flat roofs and can be one or more stories tall. -
476
rome
The Ancient Rome civilization was established around the 8th century. Ancient Rome only lasted about 20-30 years. The people of Rome created the Roman law which was a legal system to help govern the civilization. The twelve tables was a code of law. Romans took action in trying to govern themselves. The Roman Empire fell due to the Barbarian invasion, Ancient Rome had fierce enemies and the Barbarians was the main cause of the fall of the Ancient Rome empire -
1229
dark ages
the dark ages followed after the falling of more. This time period practiced backward ways. The Dark Ages was a period of religious struggle. Orthodox Christians and Catholics viewed the era from opposing perspectives. Orthodox Christians strove to recreate a pure Christianity, void of these “dark” Catholic ways.Catholics viewed this period as a harmonious, productive religious era. the catholic churches were very dominate about the culture/education. -
1347
black death
The Black Death came to Europe in 1347.This was one of the deadliest outbreaks in history. 40% - 50% of Europe died. Many believed that this disease came from rodents. The fleas that rodents had jumped onto humans causing them to have painful symptoms. they were covered in black boils that oozed blood and pus.This disease transformed society. There were no workers, the merchant society began to form, the economy went down so merchants, landowners, and peasants were trying to fix the economy. -
1492
Columbian exchange
Columbus' arrival in the old world the Columbian exchange happened as an result. The Columbian Exchange was named after Christopher Columbus. It was a trading system of goods from the old world to the new. introduced horses, sugar plants, and disease to the New World, while facilitating the introduction of New World items like sugar, tobacco, chocolate, and potatoes to the Old World.as an effect from this the new diseases brought to the Americas, it wiped out a lot of the Indian population. -
indentured servants
Indentured servants first arrived in America in the decade following the settlement of Jamestown by the Virginia Company in 1607. Servants typically worked 4-7 years in exchange for passage, room, board, lodging and freedom dues. While the life of an indentured servant was harsh and restrictive, it wasn't slavery. Their contract may have included at least 25 acres of land, a year's worth of corn, arms, a cow and new clothes. when their contract was done they were given tools and clothes -
Period: to
English Colonial settlements
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Chesapeake colonies: Virginia: Headright system
.was originally created in Jamestown, Virginia. It was used as a way to attract new settlers to the region and address the labor shortage. New settlers who paid their way to Virginia received 50 acres of land. However, most of the workers who arrived in Virginia were indentured servants, people who pledged to perform five to seven years of labor.In this system, poor individuals would work for a certain number of years to repay those who sponsored their trip. -
new England colonies
As a result of the raging religious conflicts in Europe, Puritans left Europe and founded the first permanent Puritan colony in what is now Cape cod bay Massachusetts. Puritans, along with separatist pilgrims sailed across the Atlantic on the Mayflower. On board this ship, the first Demographic government was conceived to be established in the colonies. Along with the concept of self government, the concept of Thanksgiving was also introduced threw the Plymouth bay colony. -
Navigation Act
The Navigation Acts was a series of Acts passed by Parliament. Since the Colonies were making a lot of money and becoming wealthy on their own, The Navigation Acts was made to control colonial trade in the colonies and allowed England to collect a taxes in the Colonies. The Navigation acts required all European goods for America to be shipped through England first. The Navigation Acts caused resentment in the colonies and it was one of the causes of the American Revolution. -
Propriety Colonies
a type of settlement dominating the period, in which favorites of the British crown were awarded huge tracts of land in the New World to supervise and develop. After the Restoration, Charles II used proprietaries as a device to meet pent-up demands for territorial expansion as well as to repay political and economic debts incurred in the struggle for the throne. Vast tracts of land in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina and South Carolina were distributed in this way. -
Salem Witch Trials
Began of 1692 after a group of girls in Salem Village claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused local women of witchcraft. A special court convened in Salem to hear about the cases. The first convicted was Bridget Bishop, she was later hanged, while some 150 more men, women and children were accused over the next several months.The Massachusetts General Court later annulled guilty verdicts against accused witches and granted indemnities to their families. -
act of union 1707
United England and Scotland and established the kingdom of Great Britain. In 1603 there was a union of crowns when James VI of Scotland became James I of England but, despite the king's wish the two countries remained independent states until 1707. William III was anxious to promote union and in 1700 the House of Lords approved a bill authorizing the appointment of commissioners to negotiate, but the Commons did not agree. the process started in 1702 but they did not meet til April 1706 -
Period: to
Colonial America
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Triangular Trade
Beginning with Portugal, European nations began trading valued resources from the recently discovered ''New World" too the European motherland.This trade went from Europe to Africa, too the "New World", and back too Europe. Slaves, raw materials, sugar, spices, animals, and crops all traveled along this shipping route. The transatlantic slave trade refer too the same passage. Many slaves were shipped in extremely horrible conditions known as the infamous middle passage this way. -
The Great Awakening
The Great Awakening was the revival of a new faith and a new approach to Christianity that populated Britain and the 13 colonies . Rationalism began to be used in Christianity, parting itself from religious reasoning. In other words, a less enthusiastic approach was taken in the spread of Christianity.Colonist began pursuing diverse individual religious affiliations and searching for the meaning of the bible. George Whitefield and others encourage a personal relationship with god for the people -
Georgia Colony
was one of the Southern colonies in British America. last of the thirteen original American colonies founded by Great Britain in what later became the United States.The colony was granted to General James Oglethorpe by George II, for whom the colony was named. Oglethorpe predicted a colony which would serve as a haven for English subjects who had been imprisoned for debt. Oglethorpe envisioned the province as a location for the the worthy poor. -
slavery in the lower south
slavery in the lower south mainly took place in Carolina, which was a colony of a colony. With 2/3 of the population being slaves the main stale crop was rice. the living conditions in the north was not as bad as they were in the south slaves were very immune to all types of diseases. -
Fort Duquesne
The British tried to wrest control of the area from the French for the security of English settlers in western Pennsylvania and Virginia and for control of transportation on the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio rivers. They sent 41 Virginians to build Fort Prince George in 1754. This fort was never completed because when the French, got word of the construction they sent in a large force to capture the fort. The French then resumed building the incomplete fort and renamed it to Fort Duquesne. -
Seven Year War (1756-1763)
The Seven Year War involved Britain, France, and Spain wanting more land which resulting in them fighting for territory. The war started when George Washington gets captured when seizing Duquesne. In 1757 after fighting for a year they lost to the french and the allies. Fort William Henry was the turning point that resulted in British colonist winning. Later the Treaty of Paris 1763 was created to end the French and Indian War; ending the French rule in America. -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War
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Treaty of Paris- 1763
The Treaty of Paris, was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Great Britain's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War. The signing of the treaty formally ended the Seven Years' War, known as the French and Indian War. Great Britain and France each returned much of the territory that they had captured during the war, but Great Britain gained much of France's possessions in North America. . -
Sugar Act
The Sugar Act was a tax the British put on the colonies for sugar and molasses on April 4,1764 after the French and Indian War. The Molasses Act of 1733 had just expired a year earlier and the British Empire decided to renew the tax but with some changes. Anybody who was caught smuggling sugar would be prosecuted in the colonies by their peers. during this act law enforcements were doing private properity searches without warrrents. -
Townsend Act
The Townsend Acts were a series of measures, passed by the British Parliament in 1767, that taxed goods imported to the American colonies. But American colonists, who had no representation in Parliament, saw it as an abuse of power. The British thought the colonists should help pay the cost of their protection. British monetary affairs, imposed duties on British china, glass, lead, paint, paper and tea imported to the colonies. -
Boston Massacre
between American colonists and a lone British soldier, but quickly escalated to a chaotic, bloody slaughter. Private Hugh White was the only soldier guarding the King’s money. Angry colonists insulted him and threatened violence. The colonists struck the soldiers with clubs and sticks. Someone supposedly said the word “fire,” a soldier fired his gun. American colonists rebelled against the taxes they found repressive, rallying around the cry, “no taxation without representation.” -
Boston Tea Party
was a political protest that occurred on December 16, 1773, Boston, Massachusetts. American colonists, frustrated and angry at Britain for imposing “taxation without representation,” dumped 342 chests of British tea into the harbor. The event was the first major act of defiance to British rule over the colonists. It showed Great Britain that Americans wouldn’t take taxation and tyranny sitting down, and rallied American patriots across the 13 colonies to fight for independence. -
Olive Branch Petition
was a final attempt by the colonists to avoid going to war with Britain during the American Revolution.The purpose of the Olive Branch Petition was to appease King George III and prevent the conflict between the colonies and the British government from escalating into a full blown war. Was a significant, yet doomed, attempt to preserve the relationship between the British government and the colonies before the conflict escalated into war. it was too late to have any effect on the situation. -
Battle of Saratoga
the 2 wars were a turning point in the American Revolution. September 19th, British General Burgoyne achieved a small, but costly victory over American forces led by Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold. Though his troop strength had been weakened, Burgoyne again attacked the Americans at Bemis Heights on October 7th, but this time was defeated and forced to retreat. the American victory convinced the French government to formally recognize the colonist’s cause and enter the war as their ally. -
articles of confederation
was on of the first constitutions. he Articles formed a war-time confederation of states, with an extremely limited central government. It set up a "frame" of what the national government was supposed to be, however since anything not reserved by the federal government was left for the states, the Articles of Confederation created a weak national government. was a weak constitution. -
Period: to
the constitution
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Treaty of Paris- 1783
formally ended the American Revolutionary War. American statesmen Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and John Jay negotiated the peace treaty with Great Britain. In the Treaty of Paris, the British Crown formally recognized American independence and ceded most of its territory east of the Mississippi River to the United States, doubling the size of the new nation and paving the way for westward expansion. -
shays rebellion
was a series of violent attacks on courthouses and other government properties in Massachusetts, beginning in 1786, which led to a full-blown military confrontation in 1787. The rebels were mostly ex-Revolutionary War soldiers turned farmers who opposed state economic policies causing poverty and property foreclosures. The rebellion was named after Daniel Shays, a farmer and former soldier who fought at Bunker Hill and was one of several leaders of the insurrection. -
Virginia Plan
was presented in the form of fifteen resolutions that detailed reasons why the Articles of Confederation should be radically altered and plans for a strong National Government that could collect taxes and make and enforce laws. Was based on a national and state government system with a Separation of Powers consisting of legislative, executive, and judicial branches. A bicameral legislature consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate would feature proportional representation. -
The Conneticut Plan
was presented at the Constitutional Convention, which was a meeting of states whose delegates were formulating plans for the National government. There were many fights over the proposals between the large and small states and between the North and the South states. Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth developed the Compromise which would be called the Great Compromise. consisted of the idea of proportional representation in the lower house and equal representation of the states in the upper house -
Election of 1788
The United States presidential election of 1789 was the first presidential election in the United States of America. The election took place following the ratification of the United States Constitution in 1788. In this election, George Washington was elected for the first of his two terms as President of the United States, and John Adams became the first Vice President of the United States. He was everyone's choice because they thought he was just like good -
Executive Branch
carries out and enforces laws. It includes the president, vice president, the Cabinet, executive departments, independent agencies, and other boards, commissions, and committees. The president leads the country. the head of state, leader of the federal government, and Commander in Chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president serves a four-year term and can be elected no more than two times.The vice president supports the president. Cabinet members serve as advisers to the president. -
Legislative Branch
drafts proposed laws, confirms or rejects presidential nominations for heads of federal agencies, federal judges, and the Supreme Court, and has the authority to declare war. This branch includes Congress (the Senate and House of Representatives) and special agencies and offices that provide support services to Congress. American citizens have the right to vote for Senators and Representatives through free, confidential ballots. -
Judicial Branch
The judicial branch interprets the meaning of laws, applies laws to individual cases, and decides if laws violate the Constitution. It's comprised of the Supreme Court and other federal courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. The Justices of the Supreme Court are nominated by the president and must be approved by the Senate.Nine members make up the Supreme Court— a Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices. -
Period: to
The New Republic
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free black communities
Free blacks gravitated to the Northern cities looking for work and a community.In New York and other cities a large slave and free-black population existed side by side and mingled in the streets on a daily basis, along with white servants and workers. Free blacks found employment as laborers and tradesmen: wagon drivers, construction workers, tailors, shoemakers, and sailors. Churches were an important gathering place, and in the mid 1700s blacks often worshiped with white congregations -
Bill of rights
the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. written to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people. -
Jay's Treaty
was a 1795 treaty between the United States and Great Britain that averted war, resolved issues remaining since the Treaty of Paris of 1783 (which ended the American Revolutionary War), and facilitated ten years of peaceful trade between the United States and Britain in the midst of the French Revolutionary Wars, which began in 1792. was negotiated by John Jay and gained many of the primary American goals. This included the withdrawal of British Army units from forts in the Northwest Territory -
the Whiskey Rebellion
was a 1794 uprising of farmers and distillers in western Pennsylvania in protest of a whiskey tax enacted by the federal government. whiskey economically was imported because it earned a large profit. over 6,000 people threatened to attack Pittsburgh if the taxes weren't taken away so, President Washington respond by sending troops to quell what some feared could become a full-blown revolutionist. it was the first major domestic tax of the constitution -
XYZ Affair
was a diplomatic incident between France and America in the late 18th century that led to an undeclared war at sea. the United States and Britain signed the Jay Treaty, which resolved several longstanding issues between those two nations. The French were infuriated by Jay’s Treaty, believing it violated earlier treaties between the United States and France; as a result, they went on to seize a substantial number of American merchant ships. -
yeoman farmers
who owned his own modest farm and worked it primarily with family labor remains the embodiment of the ideal American: honest, virtuous, hardworking, and independent. These same values made yeomen farmers central to the republican vision of the new nation. 75% of yeoman farmers DID NOT own slaves. they caught runaway slaves.and they guarded against slave rebellions -
Period: to
the Age of Jefferson
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Judiciary ACt of 1801
law, passed in the last days of the John Adams administration that reorganized the federal judiciary and established the first circuit judgeships in the country. The act and the ensuing last-minute appointment of new judges (“midnight judges”) were decried by the incoming president, Thomas Jefferson, and his Republican allies as an attempt by the outgoing president and his Federalist allies to retain their party’s control of the judiciary by packing it with their supporters.Was repealed in 1802. -
Louisiana Purchase
one of the best things Jefferson did while he was in office was acquiring vast majority of Louisiana territory from the french empire. after Jefferson paid less than 3 cents for an acre he was afraid Napoleon would would back out from the purchase.The purchase doubled the size of the United States, and secured the Mississippi river to the US. While Jefferson was purchasing Louisiana Sacagawea met Lewis and Clark and accompanied them on their expedition to the pacific -
embargo Act
on the other side of the Atlantic Great Britain and France were at war. this was a huge problem for America because they traded with both countries. The British began seizing American Ships and demanded that all american vessels had to check in at British ports before they could trade with any other nation. So to fix this problem President Jefferson and the United States Congress passes a law that prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports around the world. -
Cotton Gin
inventor Eli Whitney patented the cotton gin, a machine that revolutionized the production of cotton by greatly speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber. By the mid-19th century, cotton had become America’s leading export. The success of the cotton gin helped strengthen slavery in the south. it helped planters earn greater profits, prompting them to grow larger crops, which required more people. Because slavery was the cheapest form of labor, it simply acquired more slaves. -
Waltham system
was a labor and production model employed during the rise of the American textile industry in the United States, particularly in New England, amid the larger backdrop of rapid expansion of the Industrial Revolution the early 19th century. The system used domestic labor, often referred to as mill girls, who came to the new textile centers from rural towns to earn more money than they could at home, and to live a cultured life in "the city". -
Fort McHenry
the citizens of Baltimore Town feared an attack by British ships. Fort Whetstone was quickly constructed. the United States declared war on England. Then, on September 13-14, the British attacked Fort McHenry. The failure of the bombardment and sight of the American flag inspired Francis Scott Key to compose "The Star-Spangled Banner." the battle lasted all night as the american flag was high in the air.at the end of the battle the flag was still there so key began writing. -
Battle of New Orleans
Great Britain and the United States signed a treaty in Ghent, Belgium that effectively ended the War of 1812. President Andrew Jackson and a motley assortment of militia fighters, frontiersmen, slaves, Indians and even pirates weathered a frontal assault by a superior British force, inflicting devastating casualties along the way. this was a important battle that showed Jackson as a hero. -
Period: to
The American Industrial Revolution
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Panic of 1819
was a economic boom after war. Banks throughout the country failed; mortgages were foreclosed, forcing people out of their homes and off their farms. Falling prices impaired agriculture and manufacturing, triggering widespread unemployment. The primary cause of the misery seems to have been a change toward more conservative credit policies by the Second Bank of the United States. the economy went into a tailspin. this was one of the worst depressions in U.S History -
Adam-Onis Treaty
The Adams Onis Treaty is named after the men who negotiated the agreement: John Quincy Adams, Secretary of State of the United States, and Don Luis de Onís (1762–1827), the Spanish minister in America. was a treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain. this treaty set boundary lines of the louisiana purchase which disputed terrritory near texas. Jackson 'defends' the US from the Indians -
McCulloch vs. Maryland
this was a landmark Supreme court of the united states case. he Supreme Court ruled that Congress had implied powers of the Constitution to create the Second Bank of the United States and that the state of Maryland lacked the power to tax the Bank. McCulloch was the cashier at the Baltimore branch of the Second Bank, and he said the Bank should not have to pay the tax - so Maryland sued him to collect the money. -
Shakers
a celibate millenarian group that established communal settlements in the United States in the 18th century. they were rejected domestically. They did not have any private properties. and they did not believe in marriage or procreation. -
election of 1824
John Quincy Adams was elected President on February 9, 1825, after the election was decided by the House of Representatives. In this election, the Democratic-Republican Party splintered as four separate candidates sought the presidency. it had not yet led to formal party organization, but later the faction led by Andrew Jackson would evolve into the Democratic Party, while the factions led by John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay would become the National Republican Party and later the Whig Party. -
Period: to
the Age of Jackson
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Stephen F. Austin
Known as the "Father of Texas", and the founder of Texas,[1][2] he led the second, and ultimately, the successful colonization of the region by bringing 300 families from the United States to the region in 1825. sought to maintain good relations with the Mexican government, and he helped suppress the Fredonian Rebellion. He also helped ensure the introduction of slavery into Texas despite the attempts of the Mexican government to ban the institution. -
election of 1828
The United States presidential election of 1828 featured a rematch between John Quincy Adams, now incumbent President, and Andrew Jackson. As incumbent Vice President John C. Calhoun had sided with the Jacksonians, the National Republicans led by Adams, chose Richard Rush as Adams' running mate. Unlike the 1824 election, no other major candidates appeared in the race, allowing Jackson to consolidate a power base and easily win an electoral victory over Adams. -
spoils system
The Spoils System was based on the policy of removing political opponents from federal offices and replacing them with party loyalists. The Spoils System policy had been adopted on a limited scale by previous presidents, notably Thomas Jefferson. Andrew Jackson extended the use of the Spoils System believing that partisan (supporters) loyalty was a more important qualification for a job than competence or merit. -
telegraph
revolutionized long-distance communication. It worked by transmitting electrical signals over a wire laid between stations. In addition to helping invent the telegraph, Samuel Morse developed a code (bearing his name) that assigned a set of dots and dashes to each letter of the English alphabet and allowed for the simple transmission of complex messages across telegraph lines. it laid the groundwork for the communications revolution that led to those later innovations such as the telephone -
Second Party System
a term of periodization to designate the political party system operating in the United States from about 1828 to 1854, after the First Party System ended. The system was characterized by rapidly rising levels of voter interest, beginning in 1828, as demonstrated by Election Day turnouts, rallies, partisan newspapers, and high degrees of personal loyalty to parties.Two major parties dominated: the Democratic Party, led by Andrew Jackson, and the Whig Party, assembled by Henry Clay -
Temperance Movement
a social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Participants in the movement typically criticize alcohol intoxication or promote complete abstinence (teetotalism), with leaders emphasizing alcohol's negative effects on health, personality, and family life. people drunk alcohol all day and everyday. this movement reduced the amount of alcohol that people could consume. The amount of alcohol that was being consumed was so bad that some states banned it. -
Nat Turners Rebellion
was a slave rebellion that took place in Southampton County, Virginia, in August 1831, led by Nat Turner. Rebel slaves killed from 55 to 65 people, at least 51 being white. It was the largest and deadliest slave revolt in American history. The rebellion was put down within a few days, but Turner survived in hiding for more than two months afterwards. The rebellion was effectively suppressed at Belmont Plantation on the morning of August 23, 1831. -
Prisons during the Second Great Awakening
prison was a big thing during the second great awakening. when people were sent to prison they were isolated from everyone else. Sing Sing was a prison built in New York. It was haunted at night, but during the day prisoners worked. Another prison that was built during this time was Eastern State Penitentiary in Pennsylvania. This prison was where prisoners thought about there past actions. the were constantly watched everyday 24/7.Asylums were created during this period for the mentally ill. -
Election of 1832
It saw incumbent President Andrew Jackson, candidate of the Democratic Party, defeat Henry Clay, candidate of the National Republican Party. The election saw the first use of the presidential nominating conventions, and the Democrats, National Republicans, and the Anti-Masonic Party all used national conventions to select their respective presidential candidates. -
Whig Party
major political party active in the period 1834–54 that espoused a program of national development but foundered on the rising tide of sectional antagonism. The Whig Party was formally organized in 1834, bringing together a loose coalition of groups united in their opposition to what party members viewed as the executive tyranny of “King Andrew” Jackson. They borrowed the name Whig from the British party opposed to royal prerogatives. -
New York Female Reform Society
was found by Lydia A. Finney. was a movement to prevent prostitution throughout the New York community. prostitution had become the 2nd largest industry in New York. they wanted to humiliate by publishing their names in the newspaper. this became the most well known reform organizations during its period -
Battle of San Jacinto
during Texas’ war for independence from Mexico, the Texas militia under Sam Houston (1793-1863) launched a surprise attack against the forces of Mexican General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna (1794-1876) at the Battle of San Jacinto, near present-day Houston, Texas. The Mexicans were thoroughly routed, and hundreds were taken prisoner, including Santa Anna. In exchange for his freedom, Santa Anna signed a treaty recognizing Texas’ independence. -
Second Great awakening: education
before the second great awakening education was poorly funded and most of the people during this time never went to school. but during the second great awakening reformers believed that children would become better if they were educated. they started assigning grades to students. They were given instructions and textbooks. And they believed attendance was very important -
Election of 1848
The Free Soil Party, was organized for the 1848 election to oppose further expansion of slavery into the western territories. Much of its support came from disaffected anti-slavery Barnburner Democrats and Conscience Whigs, including former President Martin Van Buren. The Whigs nominated Zachary Taylor, hero of the Battle of Buena Vista, whose earlier military blunders had been forgotten. Taylor had no political experience and had never voted. -
tenement
more people began crowding in american cities, including thousands of newly arrived immigrants. buildings that once been a single-family dwelling was divided into multiple living spaces to accommodate the growing population. tenements were narrow, low-rise apartment buildings. many of them were in lower east side neighborhoods and were often to cramped, poorly lit, and lacked indoor plumbing. by 1900 2.3 million people were living in tenement housing. -
election of 1840
The Presidential Election of 1840 saw William Henry Harrison become the 9th President of the United States. While his presidency was short lived, Harrison was the first member of the Whig Party to become president. saw President Martin Van Buren fight for re-election against an economic depression. -
Greek Revival
based on 5th-century-BC Greek temples, which spread throughout Europe and the United States. The main reasons for the style’s popularity seem to have been the general intellectual preoccupation with ancient Greek culture at the time, as well as a new awareness of the actual nature of Greek art brought about through widely circulated illustrations of notable ancient temples and the Elgin Marbles. -
Period: to
Westward Expansion
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Manifest Destiny
It was based on the belief of cultural and racial superiority over other nations and the obligation to bring civilization and enlightenment to other races. The phrase "Manifest Destiny" was coined by the journalist John O'Sullivan in 1845. The phrase "Manifest Destiny" is most frequently associated with the massive territorial expansion of the United States over just fifty years from 1803 to 1853 and its westward expansion to the Pacific Ocean. -
Bear Flag Revolt
a small group of American settlers in California rebelled against the Mexican government and proclaimed California an independent republic. The republic was short-lived because soon after the Bear Flag was raised, the U.S. military began occupying California, which went on to join the union in 1850. The Bear Flag became the official state flag in 1911. -
Mexican-American War
The Mexican-American War marked the first U.S. armed conflict chiefly fought on foreign soil. U.S. President James K. Polk, who believed the United States had a “manifest destiny” to spread across the continent to the Pacific Ocean. A border skirmish along the Rio Grande started off the fighting and was followed by a series of U.S. victories. When the dust cleared, Mexico had lost about one-third of its territory, including all of present-day California, Utah, Nevada, Arizona and New Mexico. -
Period: to
Sectionalism
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
signed on February 2, 1848, ended the Mexican-American War in favor of the United States. The war had begun almost two years earlier over a territorial dispute involving Texas. The treaty added an additional 525,000 square miles to United States territory, including the land that makes up all or parts of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. Mexico also gave up all claims to Texas and recognized the Rio Grande as America’s southern boundary. -
Fugitive Slave ACt of 1850
a pair of federal laws that allowed for the capture and return of runaway slaves within the territory of the United States. Enacted by Congress in 1793, the first Fugitive Slave Act authorized local governments to seize and return escaped slaves to their owners and imposed penalties on anyone who aided in their flight. Whites were jailed or fined for refusing to help. -
underground railroad
was a network of people, African American as well as white, offering shelter and aid to escaped slaves from the South. Harriet Tubman was the first person to travel to underground railroad and she went back to save 5,000 slaves. Abolitionist were people who did not like slavery helped the slaves escape the south. most slaves that escaped were trying to get to Canada because it was the ultimate safe place. 100,000 slaves were freed between 1830 and 1860 -
Nathaniel Hawthorn
highly influential American transcendentalist movement, Nathaniel was nevertheless powerfully impacted by it, as evidenced by his most famous novel. Centered upon the development of a personal, highly individualized relationship with God, transcendentalism views nature as a means of accessing this divine spirit, while rejecting all forms of social constraints, from formal education to organized religion. ,he is best known for The Scarlet Letter (1850) and The House of the Seven Gables (1851). -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Was a novel written by Harriet Beecher in 1852. the novel had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the U.S. and is said to have "helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War". negative light because of creating so many stereotypes that some people underestimate and even forget the novel’s powerful role as an anti-slavery tool. Many Southerners saw this disrespectful. -
Kansas- Nebraska Act
the southerners were afraid of 2 new freed states. It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30. Southerners wanted to abolish the Missouri compromise. they wanted the transcontinental railroad to run through the south not the north. -
John Browns Raid
he was a abolitionist that believe god chose him to destroy slavery. he wanted to invade the south and start a slave revolt. he led raiders to harper ferry, virginia and took control of town and federal arsenal. planned to spread revolt across the south. But brown was quickly defeated. brown became a martyr in the north. Greatly helped the abolitionist. the southerners were outraged. -
Crittenden Compromise
a series of constitutional amendments proposed in Congress in 1860 to serve as a compromise between proslavery and antislavery factions, one of which would have permitted slavery in the territories south but not north of latitude 36°30′N. president- elect Lincoln shot it down. -
bleeding Kansas
small civil war in the United States, fought between proslavery and antislavery advocates for control of the new territory of Kansas under the doctrine of popular sovereignty. Pro-slavery factions calling themselves the "Border Ruffians" flooded Kansas to "open up the North" to slavery. Despite there efforts, Kansas was admitted as a free state in 1861 -
Period: to
Civil War
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Period: to
Reconstruction
