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Period: 20,000 BCE to
Beginnings To Exploration
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1800 BCE
Maya
The early Maya settlement were around 1800 B.C. around all of the Yucatan Peninsula and they mostly focused on agriculture like maize and built pyramids and cities up until 250 A.D. After 250 A.D. came the golden age for the Maya that their population reached about 2 million people . At this rate they had huge cities with temples and pyramids that had farmers supporting these cities. The only weird things is that their decline is still a mystery that collapsed the Maya around 900 A.D. -
900 BCE
Olmecs
The Olmec were a huge civilization from 1500 BC to 400 BC that was the earliest and most advanced in its time. It was most likely the ancestor to the Aztecs and the Maya. They were located on the area around the gulf of mexico which is now the states of Tabasco and Veracruz. They also were polytheistic and the religion based it in eight gods that were all natural forces. They are credited to be around the first civilization to start bloodletting to satisfy their gods and not fall. -
1100
Crusades
The crusades were four major wars between the Christians and the Muslims. They wanted to take control of how fast Islam was spreading around the world, try to get their sacred land again in the Mediterranean and to get their territories back. The Crusades lasted from 1095 to 1291 at first it seemed like a miracle to the Europeans because they were successful but after the first crusade everything went downhill for them because they lost the next three crusades to the new Islamic Egyptian power. -
1351
The Black Death
The Black Death was a huge plague that hit Europe and Asia around 1300, it is said that it arrived in Europe in 1347 in ships from the black sea stationed in a port of Messina. The people in the sip were mostly dead and the ones who were still alive were in the edge of dying. Even though the ship were put out f the harbor the Black Death still got them and killing about 25 million people. Many thought that the black death was a punishment given by god and needed to get god forgiveness. -
1450
Aztecs
The Aztecs settled in central Mexico around the beginning of the 1200's. Their main capital was Tenochtitlan that was founded in 1325 in a swampy island that is now Mexico City. They grew as a very powerful force taking over neighboring city-states under their control. They were doing fine until 1521 when the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes overpowered the Aztecs with their diseases, artillery and with the help of the small city-states that wanted revenge and freedom from the Aztecs. -
Jun 7, 1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
The Treaty of Tordesillas was a treaty between Spain and Portugal over the new land discovered and who can conquer what. The deal was for the pope Alexander VI to draw a line in the map and the Portuguese would stay east of the line and the Spanish would have anything on the west of the line. After the pop drew the line the Portuguese were angry because they really did get that much and cause for the pope to move the line 1,185 miles west of the Cape Verde Islands in 1506. -
1502
Amerigo Vespucci
Amerigo Vespucci who was born in 1454 Florance, Italy was a merchant, explore and navigator that had a whole continent named after him. He made two voyages the first from may 1499 and June 1500 were he went from what is nowadays Guyana to the Amazon River and back to Haitian. In the second voyage, that started in 1501, he went around the coast of Brazil and down to Guanabara Bay and back up to Lisbon 1502 and he died later in 1512 -
John Smith
Born in the UK in 1580 and died in the UK at 1631 Joh Smith was an iconic figure to the people of the first colony. He helped with the settlement of the first permanent British colony with skills acquired from his military experience and leadership. A good way he helped a lot was with the Indians if he didn't negotiate with the colony probably would've starved. He is widely known for the story of Pocahontas even though it was just a lie and she was actually a 12-year old and John 27 at the time. -
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English Colonial Societies
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Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact came to be when pilgrims coming to settle in America. They were running away so they could be religiously free and not have to be Catholic. When coming to America(1620) all the 120 people came in a boat called the Mayflower, originally they were meant to land by Virginia but they went off course and had to set some rules down or else their settlement was going to be lawless and chaotic so right before they landed in Massachusets they created the Mayflower Compact. -
Navigation Acts
In 1651 the British Parliment passed the Navigation Acts which said that the colonies would only be able to trade with England (except with Scottland until the Act of Union in 1607). This angered the colonies because they were restricted from trading with other Europen countries which cut off some profit percentage from what they used to make. The ones who were most affected by this acts were the merchants and the tobacco, sugar, and rice planters. This is what would start anti-British plans. -
New York
At first, there were no plans for a New York because it was actually a Dutch colony called New Amsterdam until two years later in 1664 the English took over the colony and renamed it New York. It would become a huge political and strategic role in the American Revolution and would become a place where millions of European Immigrants would end up. New York would also become a huge international economic center 350 years later. -
Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution of 1688 was also known as the bloodless revolution. The revolution was an overthrow of King James the Third that was Catholic that was replaced by his daughter Mary who was protestant and her husband, William of Orange, who was Dutch. After the revolution the power of the British monarchy would change forever because their government is going to change from a absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. Before this leap happened, they passed their own Bill of rights. -
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem Witch trials were started after some young girls in spring 1692, claimed to be possessed by the devil through witchcraft and accused many women to do it. There were cases made that Massachusets put on to see if the cases were true and it ended with Bridget Bishop (one of the first convicted) and 18 other to be hanged. After those cases were done about 150 more people were accused of having done witchcrafts. Around September 1692 people started to go against the trials. -
Act of Union 1707
The Acts of Union in 1707 was the union between Scotland and England to become Great Britain. They both had the same government which was monarch and needed things that the other had. For example Scotland needed economic security while England needed political help with the French attacks. With the two monarchies united trade would be free between them and the colonies would now also be able to trade with them. They would also share things like debt and taxation. -
Benjamin Franklin
During the enlightenment era Benjamin Franklin was known to do many thing. He was a scientist, businessman, inventor, journalist, etc. He believed in natural human rights like free thinking and morality . He disagreed with many rules the church because of the way they would make men live a specific life. Around this time he started his own printing business in Philadelphia. When he was growing up he made his way to grow up as a printer and decided to open up his own. -
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Colonial America
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John Edwards
John Edwards was one of the greatest theologian and philosopher Puritanism. He was also known for the the Great Awakening which is a religious revival. He though people has lost their way to God when they were all paying attention on the business. So he believe that he came to this world to restore the peoples faith and that why he began writing books about true religion. One of his most famous works, "Freedom of Will" in 1754, explained how god gave everybody free will to find themselves -
Georges Washington Role
The French and Indian War was where George Washington's military experience all started. When he was about 21 years old his Lieutenant Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia made him go to the Ohio country to stop the French. It was 1754 when Washington would surprise a small French army camp with an attack that would help start the French and Indian War. Even though it is ironic he would use this war experience to help America become its own country 20 years later after the French and Indian War. -
Great Britain
Great Britain wasn't doing that good against the French at first during the war. Actually both have been fighting in North America for land and conquest for some time in very small battles and scrimmages. But, they only started fighting harsher towards each other after England declares war to France in 1756. By 1760 the British would make the job of removing the french from Canada and would also hurt the french in battles in India. This is what help makes the french step down and surrender. -
France
The French are the other major country in this war that lost to the all powerful Britain at the time.All the French was doing was expanding in the North but ended up clashing with the British in Ohio because there was never a really defined border between the Colonies and New France. Also the war wasn't only in America, the french were also defeated in other parts of the world like India and got kicked out of Canada.After the treaty France lost so much and caused the britishcolonies to grow. -
The Atlantic Slave Trade
The transatlantic Slave trade that traded between 10 million and 12 million slaved African people from the 16th century to the early 19th century as a part of the triangular trade between the American colonies, England and Africa. Around the 18th century was when America was getting most of the slave trade where they were getting 3/5 of the total people who were traded between the countries. During the American Revolution slave trade was made illegal but enforces during the American Civil War. -
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The Revolutionary War
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Treaty of Paris 1763
The Treaty of Paris 1763 was made to end the 7 years war between the French, British, American colonies and the Indians. Since France lost the war they had to give up all the mainland in North American Except for New Orleans and some envious. The Natives were the ones who lost the most because these two huge countries are fighting over their land. So what Britain ended up making a treaty with the Native Americans that restricted the British colonist from expanding westward. -
Acts of Parliment
After the huge Seven Years War Britain was in a huge debt that they had to pay off and what a batter way than to tax your rich colonies. So they started with the Sugar Act and a year later with the Stamp Acts thinking people wouldn't be mad about it but they nullified the Stamp Act on March 1766. Other Acts that were passed were the Quartering, Declaratory, Townshend , Tea, and the Intolerable Acts. As each Acts was passed the anger grew until the outbreak of the American Revolution -
Boston Massacre
Because of all the new taxes put on the colonist a small riot was started an american colonist and a British soldier. After sometime the people started throwing snow balls filled with rocks inside of them to the British soldier. The British soldiers were only trying to protect the Kings money that was stored in a house. As self defense the soldiers started to fired back killing 5 colonists. After the event Paul Revere would use it and make seem like the soldiers were the ones who started it all. -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was a protest against the Tea act and not having representation in parliament for making these acts. Men (mostly from the Sons of Liberty) dressed up as Native Americans and went to the tea ships and dumped 342 chest of tea into the harbor that were worth 1 million dollars in today money. As a punishment King George III and Parliament passed The Coercive or Intolerable Acts. They closed down the harbor, ended the Massachusetts Constitution etc. but only angered the colonist. -
Guerrlla Warfare
Guerrilla warfare is a military strategy used by small armies that are facing huge armies and to help out even the odds between them. This was a huge help during the American Revolution by the American militias popping out of a bush and killing few British soldier and retrieving and leaving the British soldiers surprised and confused. If the American rebels were to go up against the British on the field America would've lost no doubt but by using this strategy they really didn't need much skill. -
Deceleration of Independence
During the American Revolution the Continental Congress had a 5-man committee meeting in Independence Hall that adopted the Declaration Of Independence in July 4th, 1774. The Declaration was a document that said how America's Independence was a necessity and after that there were a whole list of grievances they had against the British. The Author, Thomas Jefferson, was the one who created most of the work but when he presented all his work there were many things people would take out. -
Massachusetts Constitution
Drafted by John Adams, The Massachusetts constitution was the world oldest written constitution and was a model to help build the American Constitution in 1783. But the Constitution was made by Adams in 1779 and ratified by the town in 1780. It was Also split into three parts the Preamble, were it showed the purpose of each political body, the Deceleration of Rights, that were basically an individuals natural right and the third art the Frame of Government which established separate powers -
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The Constitution
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Battle of Yorktown
It was the fall of 1781 and the american forces had allied with the french to do a siege to the British Army in Yorktown.The British General, Lord Corwallis, had no choice to surrender with his 9000 troops and began negotiating the peace treaty after the Americans won the war. At first, George Washingtonton was going to try to take New York with the help of the french but once he heard about the French Naval fleet going to Virginia he dropped everything and headed for that Victory. MERICA -
Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation was the first Constitution for America at the time. America knew that if they were going to become independent that they needed a running government. Unfortunately, the Articles of confederation sucked MAJOR ASS because the power was given to the states and the federal government had almost no power over them. The Articles of Confederation was ratified in 1781 but the central government was very weak and was changed just 6 years later to the constitution.. -
Treat of Paris 1783
The Treaty of Paris 1783 was the final step to get the American Independence they always wanted. After the finally majro battle of Yorktown the British have surrendered there was no more support for the long war and was time for a treaty. At first the British just wanted to end the war because it as costing them too much but they didn't wan to recognize the American Independence. But, after thinking about it more they saw great economic opportunity and made the treaty favor America more. -
Shays Rebellion
Before the Revolutionary War ended there were some farmer that were promised a a reward for helping out during the war. The problem was that with such a weak central government they couldn't make the money to pay the veterans making these poor farmers very angry. All this anger caused for Daniel Shay take over the veteran rebels and led around 1,200 men down to Springfield, Massachusetts to overthrow the town but General Shepard was there to save the day and made the men retreat. -
The Three Branches
When the Constituion was made the government was spit into three branches Executive, Legislative and Judicial. The Executive Branch would be the president and his job would be to enforce the laws, the president can only be elected by the U.S citizens and serve for four years. Next would be the Legislative branch which is Congress they make our laws but there are two parts the senate and the representatives. And lastly is the Judicial Part or the Supreme Court who interpret the law of our land. -
Virginia Plan
The Virginia Plan was also known to be the Large state plan that wanted a government that would make the legislative representation based on the wealth and population of each state. Of course that would favor all the bigger states as they would have grater power in the government while the smaller states would struggle with this system.This plan could've lead to a separation between states and cause many problems that it just wouldn't be worth it. Eventually they would agree and mix both plans. -
New Jersey Plan
The New Jersey Plan was going u against the Virginia plan because this New Jersey plan would favor the smaller states over the bigger ones. They wanted to have equal representation in congress even if the states was small or huge. This wasn't a bad idea but the larger states would prefer the Virginia Plan over this one because the other plan would give them a chance to have power and change things to help themselves instead of having a system were a mini state has the same power as a super state -
Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance was passed by congress in 1787 for an effective way to make new states with the new land they have acquired and settled. At first congress was scared that these new states could gain to much power to outvote the old ones but three years later they made the requirements bigger for that to happen. Whenever a population would reach 5,000 residents htey could create their own assemble and after 60000 residents they could draft a constitution and sign up to be a state. -
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The New Republic
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Election of 1788
The election of 1788 was the first election with the newly established U.S. Constitution. At the time if you had a piece of land and were white you could vote otherwise your couldn't. Gladly our first president was George Washington who was going to win anyways cuz he to kool for sckool. But since Washington was the guniea pig to the new system he saw that you couldn't really be the president by yourself because it was too much. That's when the cabinet was created to help balance work. -
Bill of Rights
After the creation of the U.S. Constitution many people wanted to add a Bill of rights and without it many wouldn't ratify it. Even though the Constitution itself should protect its citizens right many wanted it just to make sure that we had those natural right we needed.So James Madison sets out to amend the bill of rights into the constitution by spreading the idea about having it though about. The, in September 1789 the house accepts and the last state ratifies it in December 12th 1791. -
Whiskey Rebellion
There was debt that was acquired by some states during the American revolution that needed to be paid off so Alexander Hamilton suggested to have a huge tax on whiskey. Many people got very angry very fast and the tax was a total failure. After weeks of anger building up, 7000 mad men showed in Pittsburgh to protest. After Washington already warned them and they didn't listen he himself went down with militia and scared the rebels away that there wasn't violence and then later repealed the act. -
Washington's Farewell Address
Washington's Farewell Address was a very influential letter that he left because it will help build a mode for the future years of how long someone should run.Many actually expected George Washington to run a second term but he was too ill and exhausted fro all the wars and serving as president. It is said that Alexander Hamilton was the one who wrote most of the address but Washington really liked Hamilton views and was very influenced by everything Hamilton said. -
XYZ Affair
In 1793 Great Britain went to war with France so America decided to remain neutral but later america signed the Jay Treat with Great Britain. This cause France to seize some american merchant ships. By this time John Adams was the president and he sent three delegates to make peace with France again. When the delegates got to France the french agents asked for a loan and to agree to their conditions but our delegates said nah. Once America heard the news they wanted war. The Quasi-War (1801) -
Alien and Sedition Acts
The Alien and Sedition Acts were many Acts passed by John Adams in times when they were in a confusing conflict with France. There were two Alien acts, the Alien Enemies Act which would deport any male citizens of an enemy nation in times of war and the Alien Friends Act that could deport any alien that seemed suspicious about plotting against the us government. The Sedition Acts would quiet down those who spoke directly against the president or the government that was totally unconstitutional. -
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The Age of Jafferson
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Marbury vs Madison
Right before John Adams left his presidency he appointed many judges but none of the letter got sent out. Madison really didn't want to deliver them so they decided to make the letter dispensary. After some time Marbury and three other appointees sued Madison for not delivering the letters.. Although there was evidence that they were entitled to their positions the constitution didn't give power to the supreme court to issue the problem calming it unconstitutional -
Louisiana Purchase
In 1796 Spain allied with France and signed a treaty with them allowing them to have the Louisiana territory back. With France having all these wars with Great Britain and a slave rebellion in Haiti they were in in economic stress so Napoleon decided to sell Louisianan to the U.S. America bought the 828,00 squared miles of miles for 15 million dollars that was less than 3 cents an acre.This landmass doubled the U.S. size and led to the expeditions to the west for a new future ahead. -
Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney created a machine that would change the production of cotton for a very long time, the cotton gin. The machine would be able o take the seed out of the cotton more effective and faster than any slave making 50 pound of cotton in just a day. Even though Eli patented his invention many just built their own improved machines but still had the same impact because it helped the south increase their slave labor again and make even bigger profits. -
Changes in Transportation
In the beginning of the 19th century transportation started to change and it was changing very fast and now there were new faster ways to get to places in a fraction of the time. When the Erie Canal was finished would help with the growth and economy of New York and now people could transport things faster then they used too. The Railroad would also have a huge impact on the society especially in the future towards the civil war with transporting materials and soldiers from pace to place. -
Battle of New Orleans
December 24, 1814 was the date when Great Britain and the US signed a treaty to end the war of 1812. But, since communication was so slow both sides in New Orleans fought a useless but very bloody battle in 1815. the future president Andrew Jackson was leading a militia and other allies and were going against the strong British forces but Andrew Jackson still won. It would boosts peoples American pride a lot and Jackson would use it to win the next presidential election. -
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The American Industrial Revolution
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McCulloch vs Maryland
This is a Major Supreme court case where McCulloch sues Maryland for putting a tax on the Second Bank of the United States which he knew it was unconstitutional. At first all the lower courts would agree with Maryland so McCuloh would take it to the Supreme Court to make sure. The Chief John Marshall said that the constitution itself say that the Constitution is the supreme law of the land and that no state has power over it so therefore imposing those axes were unconstitutional. -
Second Great Awakaning
The Second Great Awakening was another religious revival that started in lat 18th century and lasted till the middle of the 19th century. People would make and attend camp meeting to talk about God for hours and/or have the opportunity to talk to your neighbor and trade with them. One of the most influential people were Charles Finney when he started around the 1820's just by spreading his message and ending up as a theology Oberlin College professor -
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Cultural Changes
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Monroe Doctrine
December 2nd, 1823 was the date president James Monroe where he gave the idea that america continents shouldn't be considered subjects for colonization anymore. Quincy Adams would be the one who developed the deceleration and has the most influence on shaping the doctrine. This started when the Russians wanted everything north of the 51st parallel line but Monroe said that was off-limits.The doctrine would still be used till today as people still refer to it. -
Corrupt Bargain
The Corrupt Bargain happens in the Presidential election of 1824 when it comes does Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams. during the election it would have seemed that Jackson was the one that won the election with 43 percent of the popular vote and Adams only received 30 but nobody received a majority of votes in the electoral college. So it was all up to the speaker of the house of representative Henry Clay who disliked Jackson and choose Adams over him because Adams offered him a position. -
American System
The American System was made by Henry Clay and started using the term "American System" around 1824 for the first time. This system consisted of three things, a tariff for protection, a national bank that would be owned by the federal government and private stockholder and, federal subsides fro internal improvements. The tariff would be a tax on imported goods from Europe, the national bank would be used to have a single currency and the subsides would be to help (re)building road and canals. -
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Age of Jackson
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Age of common man
The age of the common man is the rise of confidence and power of the common man who followed Andrew Jackson. Jackson wan't wealthy, educated or from the east and was trying to be presidents. He didn't make it in 1824 but in the rematch of 1828 he used a new strategy where he would relate to the poor common folks which was most of the country and actually won the presidency that year. After he won partied in the white house alarming the elite and making the common feel great about themselves. -
Spoils System
The Spoil system is when a presidents appoint people that helped them along the way to become president such as Andrew Jackson. It is not necessarily the best choice because the ones he appoints will be close friends that are not really qualified for the job so they just have a high class job with no knowledge of what to do with it. The good thing about it is that it allows the appointee to have loyal people that will be very cooperative with the person who gave them the job. -
Temperance Movement
The temperance movement was brought up to stop people from getting intoxicated from the consumption of alcohol. It started in the late 1800's and early 20th century by women who were affected greatly by the violence and other problems created under the influence of alcohol. Their first success was in Maine that showed of how big of a problem alcohol actually was then, the 18th amendment was passed banning alcohol. This actually caused the problem to intensify, so then it was repealed in 1933 -
Anti-Slavery Movement
The Anti-Slaver Movement started from the 1830's until 1870 trying to acquire freedom to all the blacks and make them be equal . This meant ending all the discrimination and segregation around the United States.The Second Great Awakening would also help these movement because with people opening up spiritually and trying to be better people they would come to realization (especially the north) that slavery is a horrible inhuman thing to do and should be banned immediately. -
Mormons
The Mormons were found by Joseph Smith in a little town in New York called Fayette Township. Smith says that an Angel named Moroni visited him in 1823 and told him about an ancient Hebrew text that was lost for 1,500 years.By 1830 he would create The Book of Mormon and would also open up the Church of Christ that is also known as the Church f Jesus Christ of latter-day Saints-in Fayette Township. After Smith was killed his successor lead all other Mormons to Utah for religious freedom. -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
Nat turner was a slave born in Virginia that was sold to John Travis in the 1820's. in 1831 there was an eclipse that happened and Turner took it a sign that he was chosen by God to free the slaves. Then in August 21, 1831 he and six other slave would kill the Travis family and gather around 75 other slave to kill a total of 51 white people. Turner hid successfully for about 6 week but was found and then hanged in Jerusalem, Virginia along with 16 other rebels. This would scare many Southerners. -
Nullification Crisis
The Nullification Crisis would be the disagreement of S. Carolina State and the federal government in 1832 to 1833 over the state trying to nullify and void a federal tariff of 1832. On November 24, 1832 there was a convention in S. Carolina that adopted the Ordinance of Nullification that declared the Tariff void. Andrew Jackson responded by saying how the federal government is more powerful and would use force if needed to collect the tariff then gladly S. Carolina revoked the Ordinance. -
Election of 1832
The huge topic if this election was about the Second Bank of the United States of weather it should be rechartered called the BANK WAR.Henry Clay would run for president as a National Republican but they were confined to the area of New England. But with Jackson being a common man and trying to help the poor as much as possible he wanted to kill the Second Bank and that is what everyone wanted to hear. At the end Andrew Jackson would win by a land slide with 219 electoral votes. -
Sam Houston
Sam Houston was born in 1793 and then later become a congressman, a lawyer and a senator in Tennessee. In 1832 he would move to Texas and would become part of the conflict between the U.S settler and the Mexican's. After many battles Houston would gain the Texan Independence in 1836 and voted president in 1836 and 1841. But, in 1845 Texas would finally become a U.S state and Houston would become a senator for Texas and also be a governor but would be removed due to the Texan succession in 1861. -
Davy Crockett
Davy Crockett would be born in August 17, 1776 of part of a family that were all European Immigrants. He would grown up to volunteer in the war of 1812 from the Creek Indians at Fort Mimms, he was assigned to Captain Jones' Mounted Volunteers and his assignment was to conduct reconnaissance from Beatty springs to the Creek nation.After his political position was taken he went to Texas to help with its Independence but sadly lost his life in the Siege of the Alamo where they were outnumbered -
Battle of San Jacinto
The Battle of San Jancito would be the quickest and most important battle of the Texas Independence War on April 21st, 1836. After the General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna took the Alamo Sam Houston was in the run from the Mexicans just waiting for Santa Anna to do a mistake. Americans were getting mad and disappointed at Houston but he kept running until April 21st when Santa Anna told his men to take a nap, so Houston attacked and won the battle and made Santa give them their independence -
Iron Plow
John Deer was a just a blacksmith that built horseshoes and other stuff for life on the prairie. He live in Grand Detour, Illinois where he was surrounded by farmers that had a hard time with cast-iron plows so by using a broken steel saw he created the steel plow, which was super technological in its time. It drastically reduces time plowing for the material used and John deer becomes a very rich man. With agriculture inventions like this he would change the agriculture game forever. -
Native Americans
After people would start emigrating west everything would become much harder for the Native Americans. Treaties would be made and broken by America because they would give the Natives reservations but then find some good land or precious metals then take it away. This is how Native Americans spend their lives just getting moved around by the American settlers that want to make a wealth from these "new" "unsettled" lands.They would sometimes fight but it was never good for them. -
Lowell Mills
Lowell Massachusetts was named after Francis Cabot Lowell was founded around 1820 to manufacture textiles. This would be something new that would have a new type of employment. By 1840 they would have around 8000 workers that were called mill girls, they were primarily children and women that come from farms. It brought a sense of freedom for girls because now young women could make their own money but it really wasn't that much. Some saw it as a threat while other saw it slavery. -
Immigration
At first the reason for a bunch of European Immigration was for the cheap or even free land that they were giving away, but after that ended many immigrants started to be interested by the high paying wages because America's wages were almost 5 times higher than those in Europe.The potato famine in Ireland was another cause that move a very large number of people to America and also the unsuccessful revolution in Germany of 1848. An ever since then immigrants have slowly been increasing. -
Southern Society
The Southern Society had its own culture and class that differed much from the North. The south had planter who were the elite with with 100;s of acres of plantations and 100's of slaves making them millions of dollars. Most of the population was also the poor whites that were very comparable to slaves but the elite kept telling them that their whiteness makes them superior to them. And the middle class were Yeomen that didn't own slave that were the "Ideal" Americans. -
Abolitionist
An abolitionist around the mid-19th century started rising due the second great awakening. They were founded around 1833 and attracted thousand of people because it was morally right especially for the whites. African Americans activist would become an important part to the new campaign such as Fredrick Douglas and William Wells Brown. They provided antislavery testimony and that would move the people and encourage people to stand for abolitionist -
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Westward Expansion
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Oregon Trail
The 2,000 mile route from Independence Missouri to Oregon City, Oregon was used and made by thousands of Americans that wanted to emigrate west. There was a group of 120 wagons that occupied around some 1,000 Americans and thousands of livestock that lasted for five month to get to Oregon which was known as the Great Emigration of 1843. The trail must've had some beautiful sights as they waled but it was deadly as 1 out of 10 people didn't make it because of disease, accidents or Indian attacks. -
Changes in Communication
Communication in the early 1800's was slow and by letter but as we get closer to the Civil War communication starts to change a lot. A huge improvement to communication would be the Telegraph by Samuel Morse. He was working as a painter when he got a letter that his wife was terribly ill and by the time he went back home she was already dead and so he later created the telegraph that used Morse code. This machine came in very handy in the Civil War for the North that helped them win. -
Wilmot Proviso
The Wilmot Proviso was an effort in 1846 to not have any type of slavery in all the land that was bought from the Mexican-American War. The Congressman of Pennsylvania, David Wilmot, was sacred of adding any pro-slavery states so he proposed his amendment but since the Senate was southern-dominated the proposed amendment was blocked but at the same time it brought up the controversy about slavery. It brought new ideas for other politicians to think of what to do with the newly acquired land. -
Women Suffrage
Suffrage was something only white men had around mid-19th century and many were fighting for it, especially women. The first meeting made for this movement was made in July 1848, Seneca Falls, New York. The main person, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, created the Deceleration of Sentiments, Grievances, and resolutions. This started of wave of women that would seek out and speak of how women are limited to the rights that they have. They tried adding women to the 14th and 15th amendment but failed. -
Mexican American War
The Mexican-American war was from 1846 to 1848 because Mexico would want to sell their land to the United States and they couldn't fulfill their Manifest Destiny without that land. President Polk was furious and wanted war to get the lands but congress would let him unless Mexico would attack them. And in 1846 Mexico attacked some american forts and Polk was granted his wish for war. 2 years later in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Polk makes Mexico sell him their land for 15 million dollars. -
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Sectionalism
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California Gold Rush
After the discovery of gold in the Sacramento Valley in 1848 it made people go crazy to go to California igniting the California Gold Rush. A ton of miners and businessmen would travel to California that by 1849 the population would be around 100,00 people when it was just 1,000 people in early 1848. The great thing about this discovery is that there would be a total of $2 billion worth of precious metal found during the Gold rush (and that's in their own money value). -
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman was born in Maryland around 1820 and eight brothers and sisters but slavery separated each one of them. One time when she was 12 she saw that a supervisor was about to throw a heavy weight a a fugitive slave and because she wanted to be a hero she stepped between them and the weight struck her, breaking her skull on impact. Another thing she did was to be a conductor of the Underground railroad, she helped around 100 slaves escape to their freedom and was very careful about it. -
Greek Revival
The Americans really loved the Greeks, that were the birthplace of democracy was born so they had a lot of respect for them. The Americans would paint their houses white so it would resemble the white marble of and impressive and costly building of Greece. They wold also have simple but bold details. Materials used for these projects would be stucco, wood and sometimes stone because they are the usual style for the geeks. Americans would try to perfect every little thing from couches to windows. -
Western Frontier
The Western Frontier was a very exiting place to think about moving to but also very dangerous. In the mid-1800's the western Frontier was filed with Native Tribes but they would eventually be taken over by many Americans going to the west.They would be filled with trappers that would make a fortune out of the fur trade for some time until they went out of fashion. Another thing is how the California golf rush and the Oregon Trail would help improve domesticate the Western Frontier for America. -
North
The north was far superior to the South in every way except for military leadership. The manufacturing and industry was very well established and most the the norther agriculture was very limited and small. They wanted to keep the Union together at first but later on many people would have the grown feeling of abolishing slavery. Many tough the North was going to have a very easy win (even southerner) but since they didn't have the military leader they had a lot of trouble. -
South
The South was a extremely wealthy place to live in if you played your cards right. According to some data they would've been the worlds 5th wealthiest country if they were on their own but during the war the North would create a blockade that would starve the South from and import or exports. They were mostly focused on agriculture but on the cotton side not really farms for food. During the war they would have inflation problems and supplying their soldier and smart military leaders. -
Compromise of 1850
On September of 1850 there were five laws that were passed for a compromise. In 1849 California wanted to enter the United states as a free state but it would be unbalancing the power of the free states and the slave states.. So Henry Clay presented a few resolution he had in mind. The Fugitive Slave Acts was passed but slave trade would be abolished in Washington D.C. and now California would be accepted to the Union as a free state and everyone would be happy. -
Uncle Tom;s Cabin
Created by Harriet Beecher Stowe and published in 1852 , Uncles Tom Cabin was a novel to show the northerner that intensity and the harsh conditions of slavery. The book would become one of the bestseller in the North and would make the the northerners start thinking deeply about abolishing slavery which would cause for the the southerner to become furious and create a book from themselves to show how slavery was actually not bad at all and shouldn't be trying to abolish it. -
Republican Party
In the year 1854 in Ripon, Wisconsin many members from the Whig Party had a meet to create a new party were hey would oppose the spread of slavery into the territories acquired from mexico. It was because of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill of 1854 that the Whig party would disintegrate and the anti slavery Whig's would eventually break off and create the Republican party. They would become widely popular in the north that their first candidate won 11 of the 16 northern states and the south was scared. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Passed on May 30, 1854 the Kansas-Nebraska Act would allow for both Kansas and Nebraska to decide weather they would become a slave state or a free state based on popular sovereignty. This Act created huge tensions between the settlers as both pro-slaver and anti-slaver came rushing into Kansas and creating two opposing legislatures withing Kansas territory. This caused what we call now "bleeding Kansas" were violence let out by the anti-slavery led by John Brown. -
Election of 1860
The election of 1860 was between Abraham Lincoln (Republican), John C. Breckinridge (Democrat), Stephen A. Douglas (Democrat) and John Bell (Constitutional Union). The Split of the Democrats allowed for Abraham Lincoln to win but in effect it would make the southern states secede (Started by South Carolina on December 20, 1860). The southern states were fine with another president but it was only Abraham that they didn't want because he was from the newly found party that hates slavery. -
North Industrialization
The North had an outstanding manufacturing and industry set up. They had their railroads that could transport soldier and materials within days. They had limited amount of agriculture by had factories producing so many goods that they didn't have any problems with food or supplies. Factories would also be used to work for the government to create ammunition and more guns. And since they needed so many men to for the army women would mostly take over these hard labor jobs. -
Neutral States
Tehh Neutral States during the Civil War were Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Delaware and West Virginia. Kentucky started off as a neutral state and later was taken under union control in fear the south would do that. Maryland was taken under union control because it was the only thing standing between Virginia and the Union Capitol. Missouri was split and was in both side at some point of the war. Delaware remained loyal and Wet Virginia Broke of from Virginia because it was loyal to the union. -
South (Civil War)
The south had it really hard during the Civil war in every single way except for military leadership. Their only way of having an income was blocked by the blockade the north put around the south so they couldn't import or export any materials. They were starving and had all the prices going up because of inflation. Another problem were supplies for their soldier most of the time they had to search the dead for anything good. But they did have very smart leader that helped them last. -
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Civil War
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Emancipation Proclomation
The Emancipation was a speech given by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. The war was already going for almost three years and the union was losing faith and were starting to get ticked off about the war.The Emancipation Proclamation was to set free all of the slaves from the sates that seceded from the Union. He left slavery untouched in the Neutral States so they wouldn't get mad and go to ally with the Confederate and turn the table around. -
Gettysburg
It was the summer of 1836 adn Robert E. Lee decided to launch his second invasion to the North States. He has fought the Union Forces before and won easily and if he was to get the capitol Lincoln would have to surrender and negotiate for peace. During the attempt of the invasion he had failed the first time and decided to go again but faied again and caused very high casualties on both side ( a total of 51000 soldiers were killed, wounded, captured or missing) -
Ulysses S. Grant
Ulysses S Grrant was a Union general that got the spotlight until the very end of the war with Victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg. He wanted to make lee pay in blood for what he has done but would be stopped because he knew that the war was about to come to an end. It was only until April 9 1865 when Lee's forces were forced to surrender because his poor army could go no more and they no more supplies and that would end the war completely -
Robert E. Lee
Robert E. Le was the very smart confederate general that everyone was scared about. What if Lee had the materials, supplies and men to take on the union because he probably could have beaten the North easily. Lucky he didn't have all if that and was forced to surrender to Grant at the Appomattox Court House that would effectively end the Civil War. Grant Used many aggressive tactics and probably Ulysses S. Grant was the best one to match the superiority of Lee's tactics -
Lincolns 10% Plan
Lincolns ten percent plan was a plan to have when they were going to do Reconstruction after the whole civil war to reunify the North and the South again. Lincoln thought that the South never legally seceded from the Union and the plan was based on forgiveness. In 1863 he issued the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction to try to reunite the once-united states. The ten percent plan just needed ten percent of its votes to swore and Oath of Allegiance to the Union and they could return. -
40 acres and a mule
The Newly freed African-Americans were given by General Sherman by a special field order number 15 issued on January 16 1865 that a thirty mile track of land along South Carolina and Georgia coast would be given to the Freed slave and a free mule. Unfortunately, the land was gotten back from the freed-men and given back to their old white owners.This destroyed the 40 acres and a Mule order and resulted n the new Sharecropping system that would haunt the blacks again. -
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Reconstruction
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Appomattox Courthouse
ON April 9 1865 was when the surrender of the army of Northern Virginia was made in a House of the village Appomattox Court House. The Civil wasn't officially finished until the treaty was signed int he court house. Before the treaty was signed there was a battle going on that lasted a few hours that would bring Lee to is knees because he was running away to retreat and try to get reinforcement. But nothing else seemed like a choice anymore and he had to surrender. -
Lincoln Assassination
On April 14th 1865 John Wilkes Booth sot Abraham Lincoln in the head with a really small pistol while Lincoln was watching a play. Even though Lincoln was shot in the head he was only able to survive until the next morning. The sad part was that is was only days after the surrender at Appomattox Court House of the General Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia. The Death of the president would make many people go into despair. -
Freedom Amendments
The freedom amendment that were made were the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendment. The 13th amendment was put so that it was completely illegal to have and sort or way of slave. The 14th Amendment was made so that the African-Americans that used to be slaves are considered to be citizens of america if you were to be born in america. And the 15th amendment is for the free black African-Americans to be able to vote but of course they would be scared because white people would threaten them. -
KKK
The Ku Klux Klan was created in Pulaski, Tennessee by a group of Confederate veterans convenes to from a secret society that would dress up in robes and suppress some black folks. The name Ku Klux Klan would come form the Greek work Kyklos meaning circle and in the language Scottish-Gealic "clan". Their violence was to show all the black people that white people are still superior in any way and wanted to get rid of reconstruction. -
Election of 1868
The election of 1868 had the running officers of Ulysses S. Grant (republican) , Horation Semour (Democrat). Grant wanted to run for office because he to reconstruct American from the broken country that i was during the Civil war. He won with a huge landslide under his name and his popularity. But he wasn't very good with he government and many problems would come his way. He would still be able to help black set up schools and give them some rights. -
Jim Crow Laws
The Jim Crow Laws were passed all around the South in 1877 to keep the blacks suppress and from having any sort of power at all. It would start all of the discrimination and segregation to all colored people. They were all based on the black codes and it was a system were black people couldn't escape because all this debt you owed to your past master would only increase so you'll end up working like a slave but without the title of being called a slave -
Compromise of 1877
Just after the presidential election of 1876 it was very clear that there was a very racist hinge one Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina. After the election was placed it was seemed that there was a tie between the Republicans and the Democrats under the electoral votes. So it was up to the congressmen to decode so the Democrats made a deal that if they step down and give the position to the republicans only if they shut don reconstruction and they did.
