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The hapsburgs, ruled Austrian empire, declined and nationalists started to threaten the empire. Francis Joseph become emperor. A Dual Monarchy is created between Austria and Hungary.
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Around this time the Ottoman Empire was declining, people staged revolts against ottomans, trying to gain their own independence. This Empire was called "the Sick Man of Europe", because nations were basically just taking whatever part they wanted, and they couldn't really do anything about it.
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At the Congress of Vienna, Metternich said " a united Germany would require dismantling the government of each German state"
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This is around the time the nationalists revolts begin, and spreads across Northern Italy.
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The nationalist's revolts come to an end
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This is when the nationalists revolts break out, and the government stops them.
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The leadership of the Fisorgimento, also known as the Italian Nationalist movement, spread to the kingdom of Sardinia.
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Victor Emmanuel promotes Count Camillo Cavour to prime minister.
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This is when Cavour secretly made a secret deal with napoleon, which who promised to help them with Sardinea in case they faced a war with Austria.
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This is when Cavour provoked a war with Austria, and France helped them, which lead to victory and gained Lombardy.
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Cavour died, and Victor Emmanuel II was crowned king. Cavor's successors finished his work by forming an alliance with Prussia in the Austro-Prussian war, they won and gained Venetia.
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In this time period when King William I chose Otto Von Bismarck prime minister, which in only a decade Bismarck became Chancelor(highest offical of a monarch).
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This is when Otto Von Bismarck formed an alliance with Austria to take Holestein and Schleswig, which were part of Denmark at the time.
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After the alliance between Germany and Austria, they invaded Denmark, and there was a short war. After the war, they divided the land up, Germany got Schleswig and Austria got Holestein.
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Bismarck decides he wants Holestein too, so he goes back on his alliance with Austria and takes it.
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Ferenc Deak, a moderate Hungarian leader, helped with a compromise known as the Dual Monarchy, Austrian-Hungary
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At this time the Franco-Prussian war begins, because Bismarck made it look like King William I insulted France, so they would attack Prussia, and Prussia won.
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Bismarck started the Kulturkampf, also known as "Battle for Civilization". This started because Bismarck thought that the Catholic Church was a threat, he thought the "Catholics put loyalty to the state above allegiance to the Church", thus the Kulturkampf.
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When the Second Reich Empire is born, which the Holy Roman Empire is supposed to be the first Reich Empire, and Bismarck drafted the constitution for Prussia.
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August Thyssen created a small steel factory, made up of only 70 workers, into an enormous Empire that had 50,000 workers.
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Bismarck's plan backfires on him, the people stay faithful to the Catholic Church, regaurdless of his attempts to make them not be faithful, so he makes peace with the church, resulting in the end of the Kulturkampf.
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This is the year that Kaiser William I dies.
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Bismarck is worried about his workers going to Socialism, so he provided them with accident and heath insurance, and an old age insurance to provide retirement insurance.
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After William's death, his grandson takes his place as Kaiser William II. Shortly after he takes his place as Kaiser, William II asks Bismarck to resign, because he didn't want to be in his "shadow".