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Behviorist Theory
B.F. Skinner
Learning is an acitivity that occus inside the mind and can be inferred only by observer behaviors. -
First Computer Used for Instruction
Computer-driven flight simulator trains MIT pilots. -
First Computer Used with School Children
IBM 650 computer teachers binary arithmetic in NYC. -
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University Time-Sharing Systems
Faculty/students in universities across the country use mainframe systems for programming and shared utilities. -
Information - Processing Theory
Atkinson & Shiffrin
Learning is encoding information into human memory, similar to the way a computer stores information. -
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Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) Movement Emerges
Large-scale, federally funded university projects use mainframe/minicomputer systems with schools. -
Period: to
Systems Theory and Systematic Instructional Design
Managing the complexity of teaching.
Learning is fostered by using a system of instruction based on behaviorist information processing, and cognitive behaviorist theories. -
Discovery Learning
Instructional Support for Child Development
Jermone Bruner
Learning is cognitive growth through interaction with the environment. -
Period: to
Mainframe and Minicomputer Applications Dominate Field
Schools begin using computers for instruction and administrations CDC President William Norris (1977) announces PLATO will revolutionize instruction. -
Cognitive Behavioral Theory
Robert Gagne
Learning is shaped by providing optimal instructional conditions. -
First Microcomputers Enter Schools
Using desktop systems, classroom teachers begin to take back control of instructional and administrative applications from district data-processing offices. -
Period: to
CAI Movement Declines; Computer Literacy Movement Begins
Arthur Luermann coins term computer literacy for skills in programming and using software tools (e.g., word processing) Molnar (1978) warns that non-computer literate students will be educationally disadvantaged. -
Child Development Theory
Stages of Development
Jean Piaget
Learning is cognitive growth through neurological and social maturation. -
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Microcomputer Applications Spawn Movements
Field focuses on software publishing initiatives and teacher authoring software. The computer literacy computers-as-tools approach gives way to Logo's computer-based, problem-solving approach. -
Multiple Intelligences Theories
The Role of Intelligence in Learning
Howard Gardner
Learning is shaped by innate intelligences. -
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Integrated Learning Systems (ILSs) Emerge
Schools begin to see ILS networked systems as cost-effective solutions for instruction to address required standards; marks movement away from stand-alone systems and toward central server with connected computers. -
Period: to
Revival of: Social Activism Theories
Learning as Social Experience
John Dewey
Learning is individual growth that comes about through social experiences. -
Revival of: Scaffolding Theory
Learning as a Cognitive Building Process
Lev Vygotsky
Learning is cognitive develpment shaped by individual differences and the influence of culture. -
World Wide Web (WWW) is Born
First browser (Mosaic) transforms a formerly text-based Internet into a combination of text and graphics. Teachers enter the "Information Superhighway." -
International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) Creates Standards
ISTE sponsors creation of National Educational Technology Standards (NETS) to guide technology, skills, first for students, then for teachers and administrators. -
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Internet Use Explodes
Online and distance learning increases in higher education, then in K-12 schools. -
Period: to
International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE)
Issues new, updatded standards for teachers, students, and administrators.
