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The Hapsburg family was at the top of their game and ruled over many other lands. There were wars and and problems with industrial things.
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Revolts from the people started breaking out during the 1800's. They wanted to be independent as official states.
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The Congress of Vienna created the German Confederation, made up of states ruled by Austrian Hapsburgs.
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Nationalist revolts started calling for the unification of Italy.
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Giuseppe Mazzini's 'Young Italy' took over Rome and then established a revolutionary government
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Nationalists' revolts were all over the place and the government took control.
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Sardinian King Victor Emmanuel II appointed Count Camillo Cavour prime minister who believed in Realpolitik.
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Cavour made a secret alliance with France to help aid in the defeat of Austria.
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With France's help, Cavour provoked war with Austria and defeated them. Lombardy was annexed within a few weeks.
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Victor Emmanuel II was officially crowned Italy's king.
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The Prussian king, King William I, made Otto von Bismarck prime minister. Bismarck was responsible for the unification of Germany.
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In only a few weeks time, Prussia's Army invaded Denmark, took it, and split Holstein and Schleswig.
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After building up Prussia's army, Bismarck created an alliance with Austria.
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Bismarck started another war, this time attacking Austria. The war took seven weeks and Prussia won. They took Holsyein and annexed parts of North Austria.
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Hungarian leader, Ferenc Deak, made a compromise that led to the creation of the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary.
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Bismarck provoked war with France that only lasted a few weeks. Germany defeated them and proved that they were the dominant power in Europe.
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Germany was now officially united, given the title "the second reich" or empire.
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Bismarck started Kulterkampf, a battle that lasted 7 years. He wanted Catholics to be loyal to the government rather than the church.
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The now 'kaiser' William I made Bismarck his highest adviser, his Chancellor.
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The religious people were strong and went against Bismarck so he quit the battle and tried to make peace.
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Kaiser William II followed his grandfather. He was very confident.
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Kaiser William I died.
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Kaiser William II Asked Bismarck tor resign because he didn't want Bismarck to rule over him. He believed in militarism and built a navy.