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Period: to
WWI & Russian Revolution
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The Bolshevik-Menshevik Split
The Bolshevik-Menshevik Split Socialist movement diveded into two parties.The Bolsheviks (‘majority’) and the Mensheviks (‘minority’) split into two parties. The Martov's Mensheviks wanted a democratic party and Lenin's Bolshevik's were revolutionaries who did not want democracy. -
Bloody Sunday
The Bloody Sunday Massacre was the violence that took place in St. Petersburg. Radical Soicialist and worker's groups marches to Czar Nicolas II Winter Palace in St. Petersburg to let thier demands be known. Russian imperial forces killed the demonstrators by open firing on them. This sparked riots and strikes throughout the country. Since the government refused to change thier oppressive ways radical socialist groups like Lenin's Bolshevik's became more powerful. -
Russian Constitution of 1906
A constitution was created that addresses the promises Czar Nicolas II made in the October Manifesto. The former absolutist country was supposed to be changed into shared powers between the Czar and parliment. -
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
When the Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed by a Serbian nationalist this sparked World War I. After Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were killed Austria-Hungary and many other countries blamed thier deaths on the Serbian government. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia and had the support of Germany. Russia, Belgium, France, Great Britain and Serbia and also gotten involved and thus the first world war began. -
Russia Mobilizes
Russia mobilizing the army is significant because they were preparing for war with Austria-Hungary and Germany. After Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia decided to give thier ally thier full support. This prompted Germany to give Russia an ultimatium: stop mobilization or Germany will mobilize as well. Russia ignored this and Germany declared war on Russia. -
Germany declares war on France
When Germany declares war on France they get France drawn into World War I. France declared war on Germany shortly after and prepared thier troops to fight at the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine against the German troops. Germany was officially at war with both France and Russia just as the former chief of staff of the German army, Alfred von Schlieffen had planned. -
Germany invades Belgium
Germany's invasions of Beligium is significant because this caused Britain to declare war Germany. When Germany threatened neutral Belgium to allow them to pass through thier territory to invade France violated the treaty made between Britain, France, and Germany in 1839. This caused Britain to give Germany an ultimatium: stop the invasion of Belgium or go to war with Britain too. Germany ignored the ultimatium and invaded anyway. Britain then declared war on Germany. -
Lusitania Sinks
When the German submarine torpedoed the Lusitania, the ship sank and drowned the passengers including the 128 Americans who were on board. When World War first began Woodrow Wilson and many Americans wanted to remain neutral and not engage in any fighting. But when the Lusitania sunk Americans were enraged and turn against Germany. Germany would continue to sink American ships after this attack and this would lead America declare war on Germany. -
Battle of Verdun
The Battle of Verdun longest conflict in World War 1.There was major trench warfare between the French and German armies on the Western Front. There was massive casualties on both sides in this bloody battle. If Germany had won this battle this would pushed Britain out of the war. -
Rasputin is killed
Rasputin was killed by Russian nobles because they wanted to stop his strong influence over the royal family and growing power. When Nicolas was leading Russia forces in World War I, Rasputin ruled the country through Alexandra and caused more disorder and corruption in Russia. His death marked the end of his power and influence. -
Wilson's 14 Points
Woodrow Wilsons 14 points were siginificant because they were his principles for having long lasting peace in Europe. Wilson wanted to have peace without a victor. He also wanted freedom of the sea, restoring territories, and self-determination. He also wanted to establish the League of Nations for political independence and protect territorial lines of countries. -
Zimmermann Telegram
The Zimmermann Telegram was a German offer to Mexico to become a German ally and fight against the US in exchange for lost Mexico territories. When President Woodrow Wilson found out about the telegram he asked Congress to prepare arming ships for German Attacks. When the telegram was relased to the American public many Americans supported going into World War 1. -
Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare
Germany returns to using unrestricted submarine warfare because the U.S and neutral countries pressured them. Germany declared the British Isles a war zone and the German navy destroyed any ships that entered this area. This policy led to Germany destroying the Lusitania and angering Americans. -
February Revolution
The Feburary Revolution occured because of scarity of food which led to riots and strikes. Russians who protested for bread in the capital of Petrograd fought with police refusing to leave. Workers who protested desroyed police stations and factories. -
Order No.1
Order No.1 is issued by The Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies that demand Russian armies obey orders from the Soiviet. This shows how weak the Provisional government is because they cannot do anything about this. -
Czar Nicholas II abdicates
Czar Nicholas II the Ruler of Russia is forced to abdicate the throne so a provincial government could be put in place. This occured during the February revolution where striking workers wanted socialist reform. Russians were also angry with Nicholas because he led Russia into a costly war and the defeats and weary soilders showed his lack of leadership. -
America enters World War I
When the U.S enters World War I it marked a major turning point for the war because the U.S helped the Allies defeat the Central Powers. The American soilders and forces help led the Allies to victory and end the the stalemate on the western front. -
Lenin return from Exile
Vladimir Lenin comes back to Petrograd after he was exiled to take over the Russian Revolution. He denounced the Provisional government because they were formed by bourgeois liberla parties. He called for a soviet government that would be led by peasants, workers, and soilders. -
July days
July days were An uprising that took place in Petrograd, Russia. It was caused by the government escalating the war, Bolshevik proganda, collapse in government ministry. Soilders and factory workers protested against the provisional government and wanted the societs or Bolshevike to take power. But the rebellion was crushed by government troops. -
Kornilov affair
The Provisional Government seemed to under attack by someone in the own army. General Lavr Kornilov, the commander in chief of Russian Army attemped a military coup d'état against the provisional government. -
Winter Palace taken
The Bolsheviks capture the Winter Palace which was the last holdhout that the Provisional government had in thier possession. Lenin nows controls Russia with the Council of People's Commissars. -
Bolsheviks revolt in Russia
Vladimir Lenin was the leader of the Bolshevik Party who were revolutionaries that led a coup d’État against Provisional Government of Russia. They formed a new government with Lenin as the leader. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was the new name of Bolshevik Russia. This was the world's very first Marxist State. -
Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
Russia signed a treaty of Brest-Litovsk with central powers to stop participting in World War I. After the Armistice ending World War I the treaty was annulled and the Treaty of Versailled made Germany give up territories from the Treaty of Bret-Litovsk. The Treaty of Bret-Litovsk also stated that Russia had recognize Ukraine, Georgia, and Finland independece. Germany also had to give up Poland and the Baltic states of Lithuania and other land. Lenin said that this was humiliating for Russia. -
Battle of Belleau Wood
The Battle of Belleau Wood is significant becuase it was the first large scale battle the American soilders fought in World War I. American soilders fought with German soilders and were victorius. There were over 10,000 Americans that were hurt, killed, or Missing in actions because of this battle. -
Battle of the Somme
The Battle of Somme was the largest and bloodiest battle in World War I. The Allies and Central powers had more than 1.5 million men die. Somme was a battle of attrition between the French and British troops vs. Germans. The end of the battle left the German army weakened and they retreated to defensive lines. -
Czar Nicholas II and his family are executed
Bolsheviks murdered Czar Nicholas II and his family and brought an end to the Romanov dynasty. Thier deaths signaled the end of the imperial family and thier absolute rule. -
Kaiser Wilhelm II Abdicates
After Germany suffers huge loses from the war and rebellion from the navy political leaders forced the kaiser Wilhelm II to abdicate. The goal of this was to preserve the order of the German empire. When he lost the support of army leaders he agreed with the abdication and spent the rest of his life in the Netherlands. -
Armistice Day
Armistice Day is siginificant because it is the day the Great War had ended, percisely on the 11th day, on the 11 hour, on the 11 month of the year. Germany signed an armistice agreement with the Allies because they realized they were losing the war because of thier lack of manpower, supplies, and invasion. -
Paris Peace Conference
The Paris Peace Conference held negotiations between the most powerful people in the world took place in Paris, France. The winners were the U.S, France, Great Britain, and Italy (Allied Powers). Wilson wanted to ensure that the Central Powers, especially Germany, were not treated unfairly. But France and Britain wanted to punish Germany and make them pay war reparations. Germany was forced to accept all of the blame for the war. -
Treaty of Versailles
The signing of the Treaty of Versailles is significant because it marked the official end of World War I. The Allied Powers negotiated this treaty and exluded Germany from participating. Germany agreed to pay reparations and territories were reorganized. Germany was also not allowed to join the League of nations, give Alsace-Lorraine territory back to France, give up thier colonies, demilitarize zone, and reduce thier armed forces.
