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In late 300s to seek warmer climate and better grazing land, and to escape the Huns
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Occurring in the late 300s-400s
They consisted of the Visigoths, Vandals, Franks, Angles, Saxons, and Ostrogoths. They rebelled against Roman rule, and were given land as a sign of piece after they killed the emperor in battle. -
The eastern half became the Byzantine Empire, heavily influenced by Greek and Persian culture and art (replacing the Latin aspect), and the western half simply became the Western Roman Empire after being invaded and conquered by Germanic tribes.
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Also known as the Dark Ages
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Created by Emperor Justinian, it revised laws and became the basis for most European legal systems.
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In the Byzantine Empire
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Started in 533, and fought against the Ostrogoths and Visigoths.
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Born in Makkah, died in 632 A.D.
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Arabs found themselves having the duty to spread Islaam as a Jihad (translating to struggle), or holy struggles to bring Islam to other lands. They acquired Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Persia, and Egypt by 650 A.D.
However, this reign ended in 1258, when the Abbasid Empire fell, and were almost wiped out by the Mongols. -
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Charlemagne, Frankish King, gave military aid to Pope Leo III to defend against Roman officials. Pope Leo then crowned Charlemagne the ruler of Western Europe
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They traveled away from their overpopulated homes in the 800s and stole goods from other territories and burned them down after.
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These routes were filled with goods being carried
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Heavier plows were made to cut deeper into soil, collar harnesses replaced ox yokes to allow horses to participate in farming and worked much quicker. All this allowed cultivation and a higher production in food
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The Medieval people who coordinated these became the first bankers
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It was also the period of the nine crusades, where western Europe wanted to take back Jerusalem from the Seljuk Turks.
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Pope Urban III wanted to take back Jerusalem from the Seljuk Turks in 1095. This goal was what led to the other crusades.
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These were business associations. To accomplish what they sought, they restricted trading by foreigners in their cities and enforced uniform pricing.
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Seljuks conquered the parts of Palestine run by the crusaders of the First Crusade. Called by Bernard of Clairvaux, King Louis VII of France and Emperor Conrad III of HRE lead armies into Palestine. However it was unsucessful.
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The third crusade consisting of King Philip Augustus of France, King Richard I of England, and Frederick Barbarossa of HRE.
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It was a Christian city. They burned libraries, destroyed churches, and robbed valuables. It ruined the Eastern Orthodox area's relationship with Western Europe. They severely weakened the Byzantine Empire, which allowed Muslims to progress further into Europe.
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In the summer thousands of youngsters vowed to take back Jerusalem. It lasted from May to September, and it lacked official permission from the church. Although ending in failure, it inspired the Fifth Crusade.
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They didn't fit into the nobles, clergy, or peasants. They obtained wealth from businesses and trade instead of land.
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They started using the languages of their own countries, such as English, Spanish, French, German and Italian. They spoke and wrote them, making them more accessible to others.
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First began in Italy, then spread throughout western Europe
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Having a proper education became prominent during the Renaissance. Schools opened that taught Greek, Latin, history, philosophy, and other ancient subjects. Regular teachers took over for clergy teachers of the wealthy.
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In the Renaissance. Humanism is when people began having thoughts of themselves and other ideas as worldly and secular instead of being influenced by religion.
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Theory that a state's power depends on its wealth -
German Monk Luther opposed the Church's sales of indulgences, and wrote essays and the 95 Theses about the corruption within the Church. His writings led to the foundation of Protestantism.
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When a demand for the Church to change their ways of preaching and teachings. Protestantism started to rise and have conflicts with Catholicism.
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It is the blend of both Protestantism and Catholicism. She began doing this after becoming queen. It pleased many but radical Protestants (Puritans) wanted no part of Catholicism.
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As the Catholics wanted to redeclare their teachings to the Protestants, Baroque was born, and expresses emotion, complexity, and exaggeration in buildings and art
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Three years after the war the Treaty of Paris was signed, which gave Britain almost all of France's territories in North America
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Starting from the Stamp Act in 1765, conflicts began to arise from the unfair taxes Britain was placing on them. The Boston Massacre was the first act of bloodshed between the two, and starting the war.
The Revolution officially ended in 1783 when Britain recognized them as an independent nation. -