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Jamestown was formed in 1607 by the Virginia Company of London. It later became the first permanent settlement in North America.
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Slavery was a gradual growth. The first slaves were used in Jamestown. They weren't used much as first but by the 1700, most labor needs were filled by the forcible importation of africans.
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House of Burgesses was the first elected in the New World. It still operates today as the general assembly.
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The Mayflower Compact was a document the Puritans signed, agreeing to obey laws created for the general good. They pledged their loyalty to God and then the king.
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A 7 years war from 1754 to 1763. The French teamed up with the Indians to fight against the British and the American Colonists. The British and American colonists won the war.
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This treaty ended the 7 years war. It was signed by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Britain's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War).
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England prohibited colonists from settling West of appalachians. Why? It would cost to protect the colonists from Indian attacks. It angered the colonists that wanted to move there.
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Placed a tax on legal documents. They imposed these taxes to pay way debts, pay troops and protect the colonists. They also taxed tea and sugar.
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Colonists and British soldiers in Boston competed over jobs. A mob of anti British demonstrators formed, British troops fired killing 5. Colonial leaders portrayed event as a massacre.
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England put restrictions on tea therefor, colonists boarded tea in Boston and threw the tea into the water. The British are very suprised and in shock. They close down the harbor because of what the colonists do.
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Meeting of representatives from all 13 colonies except Georgia. In Philadelphia. Issued a statement of colonial rights, wanted to use militias.
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Beginning of the American Rev. British troops attacked a colonialweapons stockpile. The minute men assembled and fighted erupted. It was the first skimish of the war in Massachusetts.
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Created the continental army. George Washington was the general. They issued the finalpeace offer, the Olive Branch Petition. It got rejected.
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Issued by the Continental Congress. It was written by Thomas Jefferson who was from VA. The colonies offically seperated from England.
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The 13 newly independent states united into one country (USA). The american political leaders adopted a weak government because they feared a strong one, like Engliand. The government was to weak to meet the needs of the country.
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The time period during which the U.S. was under the Articles of Confederation. 1781-1788
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French General Marquis de Lafayette developed a plan of having their navy block the exit of the Chesapeake Bay. American and French surrounded Cornwallis/the British.Cornwallis surrendered.
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England awknowledged American independence.The United States got boundries from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River.
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Established a plan for surveying Western lands. It as adopted by the Continental Congress in the United States.
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They called to settle disputes amung states over commerce. Only 5 states show up, so they decide to hold another meeting to revise the Articles of Confederation in Philadelphia.
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The key leaders were George Washington and James Madison. The convention was held in Philadelphia. They came up with two plans, and two compromises.
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Slaves counted as 3/5's of a person when determining a state's representation in House of Reps. Placated southern states.
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Provided the process for the creation and admission of new states. The creation of the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory of the United States.
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Created a 2 house congress. THe Senate and House of Represenatives. It balanced the power between large and small states.
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Debt- ridden farmers in Mass. rebel due to high taxes. The rebellion was named after Daniel Shays.
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Set up the court system. Set up by George Washington. It established the U.S. federal judiciary.
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Washington was the first president. Alexander Hamilton was his Secretary of Treasury. Washington initioned Jay's Treaty.
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The Bill of Rights is the first 10 amendments. It deals with rights/liberties and it was written by James Madison.
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Invented by Eli Whitney. It made cotton growing very profitable. Heavily used in the deep South.
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Adams defeated Thomas Jefferson. John was a Federalist and Jesserson was a Democatic - Republican.
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This plan forced Indians to adopt American culture. Many Native Americans lost land, and had to change their way of doing things and their beliefs.
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Indians were forced off their lands onto smaller and smaller reservations. This was one of the 3 conquest of American Indians. Indians would be continued to be moved and forced somewhere else.
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He attempted to lead a slave rebellion that was upended by betrayal within his camp. He was a tall man and generally well-liked, Prosser was not seen as a threat by slave owners and other Whites who encountered him.
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Marshall declared a law unconstitutional. This establishes the power of judicial review.
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Thomas defeated John. This was the first peaceful transfer of power from one party to another.
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Jefferson buys this land from France. It doubles the size of U.S. Land from Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains.
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Caused because of the British interference with American Shipping and aiding Indians in the West. President Madison calls for war, and it was supported by S & W Dem- Reps esp warhawks.
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Marshall upheld the federal gov'ts rights to est. a bank. He said a state couldn't tax the bank due to national supremacy. This established the doctrine of implied powers.
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Divided LA Purchase at 36 degress, 30 degress. North of the line was free, while South of the line was slave. Maine was a free state while Missouri was a slave state. Maintained balance of slaves and free states.
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Was passed by the U.S. Congress to end the first of a series of crises concerning the extension of slavery. Also admitting Maine as a free state.
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The Supreme Court overturned a steamboat monopoly. It confirmed the federal governments power over commerce (trade).
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Written by President Monroe. He warned Europe against future colonization in the Americas & interference in any independent country in the Western hemisphere. Said that Europe was a monarch while the Western Hemisphere were republics.
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Jackson loses to John Quincy Adams in 1824 but then defeats him in 1828 because more common people could vote and they favored Jackson more. He challenged the economic elit and created The Spoils System.
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Time when democracy in the U.S. expanded and more people got involved in the electoral process. The Americans no longer let aristocrats make all the decisions.
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This law was passed at Jackson's request. It forced all Indians east of the Mississippi River to move to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) Many of the Cherokees of GA were forced West and many of them died along the way. This was named The Spoils System.
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He led a rebellion of slaves known as the “Southampton Insurrection” against their White owners. Rebel slaves killed anywhere from 55 to 65 white people.
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This battle was caused by Americans in TX revolting against Mexico. Alamo was an old mission house. Texans fortified themselves there. Mexican General Santa Anna attacked with superior forces and fought until their last man died.
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Texans won their independence at this battle. The battle was led by Sam Houston. It established the Republic of Texas.
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The annexed Texas and admitted it to the Union as the 28th state. The U.S. then inherited Texas' border disputes with Mexico; this quickly led to the Mexican–American War.
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President James K. Polk urged the war agains Mexico. He wanted the southwest and Mexico wouldn't sell it to him. The U.S. defeats Mexico easily. We gain the southwest through the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
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Gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The first to hear confirmed information of the Gold Rush were the people in Oregon. People did whatever they could to rush to California in chances to find gold and strike rich.
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The Seneca Falls Convention was an early and influential women's rights convention, the first to be organized by women in the Western world. Held in New York. It spanned two days.
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This compromise defused a four-year confrontation between the slave states of the South and the free states of the North. The compromise avoided secession or civil war and reduced sectional conflict for four years.
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This was one of the most controversial acts of the 1850 compromise and heightened Northern fears of a "slave power conspiracy". It declared that all runaway slaves were, upon capture, to be returned to their masters.
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A book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. It portrayed the evils of slavery. The book was widely read and increased support in the North for abolition.
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The act created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opening new lands for settlement, and had the effect of repealing the Missouri Compromise of 1820 by allowing white male settlers in those territories. The act was designed by Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois.
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Dred Scott was sued for freedom after he was taken into free territory by his owner. The Supreme Court ruled that African Americans aren't citizens and they cant sue. They also stated that Congress had no right to ban slavery in temtones. The case was overturned in efforts to limit the spread of slavery.
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The main isue was slavery. Abraham Lincoln was a republican, and he won. 7 Southern states end up seceding due to his election because they feared that he would abolish slavery.
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Fort Sumter was in South Carolina but remained under union (North) control. Confederates fired on Union ships that were there to resupply Fort Sumter. This was the first battle of the Civil War.
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This law gave free public land in the West in 160 acre plots. The only condition was that settlers had to use it for at least 5 years. This encouraged Americans to settle in the West.
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This war was mainly fought in the South in Sharpsburg, Maryland. This was one of the first battles of the Civil War that took place on Union soil. This battle was known to be the most bloodiest single day battle in American history.
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This was an order by President Abraham Lincoln as a war measure in the Civil War. He was more concerned with saving the Union then abolishing slavery. He ended up stating that all slaves in the rebelious states were now forever free. This was an important turning point in the war.
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General Grants armies gathered on Vicksburg and invaded the the city. They trapped the Confederate Amry. Vicksburg ends up surrendering after prolong siege attempts. This was one of the most brilliant military campaigns of the war.
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This battle was fought between the Union and Confederate forces during the Civil War in Gettysburg, Penn. This is often described as the wars turning point. This battle involved the most amoun of people during the entire war.
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This was a speech by President Abraham Lincoln, and one of the best known today. Lincoln restates the principles founded in the Declaration of Independence. He states that the Civil War was a struggle for the saving of the Union and principle of human equality.
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The process od restoring Southern states to the Union. Also the process of determining the position of African Americans.
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Located in Appomattox, Virginia. Before the Civil War, a railroad went through the front of the park and courthouse. The Civil War ends here.
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Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. He was shot in Fords theater.
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Abolished slavery. 13th Amendment was the first of the three reconstruction amendments formed after the Civil War.
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Put the South under military occupation. Created the Civil War amendments, 13, 14, & 15. Also included the impeachment of Andrew Johnson.
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Prohibited states from denying equal rights to any American. Gave citizenship to blacks.
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Founder was Uriah Stevens. This wsa one of the biggest labor unions in the 1880's. The Knights of Labor demanded an eight hour work day.
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The 15th Amendment gave voting rights to African Americans. This amendment is the final amendment of the Reconstruction amendments.
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Southern and Eastern Europe. Italy, Greece, Poland, Russia, Hungary, Yugoslavia. Immigrants also came from China and Japan.
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Immigrants from Northern and Western Europe. Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway and Sweden.
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Jim Crow laws established seperate facilities for whihtes and blacks. They had seperate schools, train cars, bathrooms, water fountains, etcs. Black facilities were inferior.
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Republican - Rutherford B Hayes. Democrat- Samuel J. Tilden. This election ended with disputed results.
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This act banned the entry of almost all Chinese. This federal law was signed by President Arthur. Congress set limitations because of the peoples resentment towards immigrants.
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Founder was Samuel Gompers. This included a craft union where only skilled workers from multiple industries were aloud to work. They also used collective bargining where union and employers negotiated.
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Knights of Labor protest in Chicago. A bomb went off near police while people were leaving. 8 strikers were convicted.
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This act broke up reservations and dicided them into individual plots. This legally abolished tribes. The goal for this act was to Americanize the Indians.
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Early 20th century reform movement. The progressive movement used the government to institute reforms to fix problems caused by industrialization. One of the causes was the excesses of the Gilded Age.
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This act prevented any business structure that restained trade. The goal was to outlaw trusts. This act wasn't successful.
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Located at the Carnegie steel plant. Plant manager Henry Frick called the Pinkerton detective agency. Ended up in a major gun battle.
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One of the biggest unions of its time, The founder was Eugene V. Debs. It was an industrial union which used skilled and unskilled workers from one industry.
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This stike was by Pullman railroad workers. This started a nationwide railroad boycott. The federal gov't ended it.
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Supreme Court ruled that seperate but equal did not violate the 14th amendment. This court case upheld Jim Crow laws of sergregation.
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Fought between Spain and the United States. United States ended up intervening with the Cuban War of Independence. Because Americans attacked Spain's pacific islands, they got involved with the Phillipine Revolution.
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This is also known are the annex of Puerto Rico. This treaty ended the Spanish-American War. Although it was signed on December it didn't get put to action until April.
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This policy granted many international powers with equal access to China. They could not be in control of China though. This was mainly used to balance the competing interest of colonial powers.
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Also known as Bower Uprising and Yihetuan Movement. This was an anti-Christian and anti-foreign movement which was very violent. This rebellion took place in China from 1899-1901.
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Was one of the strong leaders in the Womans Suffrage Movement. She was also an active civil rights leader. She was the founder of the first Womans Temperance Movement.
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This amendment was signed between Cuba and the United States. This tried to prevent foreign intervention on Cuba's independence. This allowed extreme American involvement with Cubas affairs.
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This is a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. This was put in by President Theodore Roosevelt. This states that the United States will intervine in conflicts between European countries.
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This alows congress to levy an income tax. The congress has power to lay and collect income taxes. It can be from whatever source and it does not have to be apportionment.
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This amendment made voters elect Senators now, not state legislatures. Direct election by popular vote.
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A global war that was centered in Europe. This was was also called the Great War and the World War. More then 9 million combats were killed.
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This ship canal connects to the Atlantic Ocean(Carribean Sea) to the Pacific Ocean. France began to work on the Canal but the United States took over in 1904. The canal took a decade to complete.
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One of Pres. Woodrow Wilsons major acts against trusts. This established the Federal Trade Commision.
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An act to supplement existing laws against unlawful monopolies. Most of this act was the substance of the U.S. courts,
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This was the movement of 6 million African Americans from the South to the North East, West and North West. They left the South and went to cities.
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U.S. enters the war two days after the Senate voted 82 to 6. They declared war on Germany. President Wilson was outraged when he heard that Germany sunk an American vessel.
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This was a statement made by President Wilson. This stated that the Great War was being fought for a moral cause. Europeans accepted this statement while his Allies were skeptical about it.
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This amendment prohibited the use of alcohol. It was ratified on January 16th and took effect on January 17th.
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This was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War One. This ended the war between Germany and the Allies. The treaty was signed by the Secretariat of the League of Nations.
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This was a cultural movement. This was also known as the "New Negro Movement". This was a literary, artistic and intellectual movement for a new black cultural identity.
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This amendment allowed women to gain the right to vote. This amendment accured in the womans suffrage movement.
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This act put a quota on how many immigrants could come from each country. This allowed more from Old immigrant areas than New immigrant areas. This basically ended immigration for several decades.
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This trial was between Tennesse and John Thomas Scopes. High school teacher Scopes was accused of teaching about evolution in Tennesse. Scopes was found guilty but the verdict turned.
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Hoover, a Republican won in 1929 against Alfred Smith. This was an overwhelming victory for Hoover. This election took the mood of apparent national prosperity.
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The stock market crashed on this day. This was one of the main causes for the Great Depression. Because of the stock market crash overspeculation occured.
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The Great Depression was a time of severe economic hardship in the United States. This depression lasted from 1929-1941, Many people were without jobs and money.
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CLO stands for Collateralized loan obligations. This is a form of security where payments from businesses are put together then given out to different classes. This is a type of collateralized debt obligation.
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This time was also known as the Dirty Thirties. This period damaged major ecology's and agriculture because of severe dust storms. A major drought occured during this time.
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When Roosevelt took office in 1933, he tried to stablize the economy and give people jobs. He came up with the New Deal which tried to restore some prosperity and dignity to Americans. His deal changed the federal governments relationship to US populance.
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Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected on March 4th and became the 32 president. He served 12 years and four terms.
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Also known as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. This corporation was created under the Bank Act of 1933. This government corporation oporated as an independent agency.
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Also known as the National Labor Relations Act. This is considered the most important piece of labor legislation. This act overturned lots of court decisions.
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This act provided general welfare. This act was drafted during Roosevelts first term as president. This was to elimitate dangers in modern American life.
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Also known as FLSA. This act introduced a max of 44 hour, seven day work week. This also established minimum wage.
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Stalin and Hitler agreed not to attack each other. Hitler later on turns against Stalin and attacks him. This starts world war ll.
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Hitler overran France and most of Europe by 1942. He invaded Poland from the west in September 1939. The Soviot Union invaded Poland from the eat and the Baltic countries.
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This act allowed the U.S. to draft men who were 18 and up into the military during the start of World War II. They end up drafting 10 million men into the military. This is also called the Selective Draft Act.
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Germany called this invasion "Operation Barbarossa". This was one of the most powerful invasions in history. They invaded Russia in 3 different parallel offensives.
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Japan attaked the U.S.'s military base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This was a suprise air attack. This crushed the U.S.'s pacific fleet. Thousands died.
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After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Congress declares war at FDR's request. Germany joins Japan against U.S.
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This battle was one of the most important naval battles in World War II. This battle occured only 6 months after Japans attack on Pearl Harbor. This battle turned the tide in the Pacific.
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This day is the day the U.S. and Allies invaded Normandy, France. These landings commenced around 6:30 AM. This day also included the battle for the French beaches.
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The Supreme Court allowed internment camps for the Japanese and Asian. They later on apoligize and give payment to each person who was put in internment camps.
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This battle was fought over the winter months of 1944. This was the Nazi's last major offense against the Allies in World War II, This was known as the biggest and bloodist battle American soliders have ever fought.
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An uneasy peace after WWII. It was a rivarly between the United States and the Soviet Union. This 'war' lasted from 1945 to 1991.
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Soviet Union occupied Eastern and Central Europe, so most of those countries became communist. Western European countries became democratic. East Germany became communist and remained under Soviet domination while West Germany became democratic.
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This was a public holiday that was celebrated the end of World War II. V-E stands for Victory in Europe Day.
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The U.S. dropped a bomb on Hiroshima. This is a popular, major city in Japan. This occured during the final stages of World War II.
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This was the last major act of World War II. Within a couple of days Japan surrendered. An all-Christian bomber crew dropped the plutonium bomb on the city in Japan.
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These series of trials were held in the city of Numemburg. The Allied forces held these trials after World War II. These trials procecuted the members of the political, military, and economic leadership of Nazi Germany.
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The Soviets blockaded West Berlin. The U.S. flew in supplies to help aid the people who were stuck inside. Candy bombers dropped candy from helicopters and airplanes to the little kids.
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This plan was a massive U.S. financial aid package to rebuild Europes economies. The U.S. did this inorder to prevent the spread of communism. This plan is also known as the ERP.
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A defensive alliance among the U.S. and Western European countries. NATO stands for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It has also been referred to as the Atlantic Alliance.
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The leader of this takeover was Mao Zedong. The U.S.'s fear of comunist world domination increased drastically. China and the Soviet Union never become close because of territory and influence issues.
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The Korean War divided Korea into North communist Korea and South Democratic Korea. The war started when North Korea invaded South Korea. China aided the North while the U.S. aided the South.
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Dwight D. Eisenhower ran for election in 1952, and 1956. The arms race between the U.S. and the Soviet Union began under his term. Eisenhower's nuclear policy was massive retaliation if the Soviets attacked us with nukes.
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The Rosenburgs were put on trial for giving atomic secrets to the Soviets. These types of trials were called Spy Trials. They both were found guilty and electrocuted.
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The alliance among the Soviet Union and East European countries. This alliance was rivals with NATO.
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War erupted in the late 1950's when North Vietnam tried to install a communist government in South Vietnam by force. North Vietnam was communist lead by Ho Chi Minh. South Vietnam was an anti- communist nationalist government.
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After the U2 incident, the Space Race began. This was a race between the United States and the Soviet Union to see whoever could launch stuff into space, send people into space and more first. The Soviets launched the first satlitte, Sputnik into space in 1957.
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John F. Kennedy was elected into presidency in 1960. During his inauguration he asked the people what we were doing and what we should be doing to help our country. He also stated that the U.S. would pay any price to prevent communism from spreading.
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Francis Gary Powers was shot down while he was spying over the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union and the U.S. were spying on eachother using planes, people and anything else they could think of. This is how the Soviets made the nuclear bomb right after the United States did.
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This wall was constructed in Aug of 1961. This wall cut off West Berlin from East Germany and East Berlin. It was destroyed in 1989.
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This was a 13 day confirmation in October between the United States and Cuba. Cuba also had the Soviet Union in their conner. This was the closest time during the Cold War that a nucklear war was about to begin.
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JFK was assassinated during a motorcyle parade. This parade was in Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas, Texas. He was shot by a sniper named Lee Oswald.
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President Johnson did not seek reelection because he was tired of the division in the US over the Vietnam War. Richard Nixon won. He pledged to bring the war to an honorable end.
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Nixon was the 37th president. He had one policy that we still use today which is vietnamization. He is the only president to resign from office. The end of the Vietnam war ended under his term.
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One of the 1970's energy crisis. The Organization of Petroleum Exploring Countries raised oil prices. This resulted in cars only able to get gas on certain days and sometimes no gas at all for a certain period of time.
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Detente was the name given to describe the temporary thawa in the Cold War tension. This foraign policy accured under Richard Nixon's presidency. This temperary thaw was between the United States and the Soviet Union.
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Nixon visited communist China in 1972. He was exploring the rift between China and the Soviets. He hoped to get China on the US's side.
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5 men from Nixon's reelection committee got caught breaking into the Democratic Campaign Headquarters. This headquarters was located at the Watergate Office Complex. The White House tried to cover up it's involvement.
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In 1973 the last troops fell. Vietnamization also failed therefore South Vietnam couldn't resist invasion by Soviet supplied North Vietnam. South Vietnam fell. In 1957, North and South Vietnam were merged under communist control.
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Jimmy Carter was the 39th president. He tried to fix the economy but his presidency was during an economic crisis. He had many foreign affairs and a worsening econnomy.
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President Jimmy Carter gave control to Panama. The US gave Panama back the Panama Canal. This was one of the 4 foreign affairs that was led under Carter.
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This was one of the first foreign affairs that happened under President Carter. Camp Davis Accords were peace talks between Egypt and Israel. These peace talks were later signed at the White House.
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52 Americans were taken hostage in Iran. They were held hostage for 444 days. President Carter said that the United States would not lead to blackmail. He called the hostages "victims of terrorism and anarchy."
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Ronald Reagan's presidency started in 1981 and ended in 1988. He had a conservative domestic politics. He also pressured the Soviet Union. AIDs and drug use were social problems during his presidency.
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Reagan and his wife visited West Berlin and made a speech to Gorbachev. His famous line from this speech is " Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall." This was one of the way he pressured the Soviet Union, which made them collapse.
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President Nixon met with Soviet leader Brezhnev in Moscow during 1988. They signed the SALK treaty which limited the production of nukes. This was one of the three foreign policies Richard Nixon did under his presidency term.
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Eastern Europe also moved from Communism to market economy and democracy. Gernamy reunited while the Berlin Wall fell. The Cold War finally comes to an end and the United States wins.
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The Soviet Union collapsed due to internal problems, face paced reforms and the actions of Reagan. In 1991 the Soviet Union collapsed into Russia and 14 other countries. It adopted market economy and democracy like the United States.
