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It sought to prevent the king from exploiting his power, and placed limits of royal authority by establishing law as a power in itself. -
rights for englishmen
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Required monarchs to obtain Parliamentary approval before new taxes. Government could not unlawfully imprison people or establish military rule during times of peace -
Extended conflict between Charles and Parliament
Charles defeated, beheaded -
Guaranteed free speech and protection from cruel and unusual punishment -
first direct tax on paper goods and leagal documents -
British soldiers fired into crowd
5 colonists died -
Revolutionaries dumped British Tea into the harbor -
Colonists were forced to “Quarter,” or house, British troops -
First National Government
Delegates aimed to have a confederation in which colonies kept their “sovereignty, freedom, and independence.”
Ratification delayed by argument over who would control western lands -
Massachusetts farmers rebelled over prospect of losing land
Farmers attacked courthouses to keep judges from foreclosing on farms
Stormed military arsenal -
Established a plan for settling the Northwest Territory
Included disputed lands
Created system for admitting states to the Union
Banned slavery in the territory
Guided nation’s western expansio -
Drafting a New Constitution Framers-Delegates to the Constitutional Convention
James Madison-Father of the Constitution -
early newspaper -
Established a Three-tiered Judicial Structure -
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A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. -
No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. -
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, -
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him -
n Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. -
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. -
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. -
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. -
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. -
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized -
power of judicial review -
allows the President to choose V.P. ( -
power to tax is the power to desroy -
creating the two major groups we see today democrats and repulicans -
Right of a state legislature to award a monopoly to operate a steamship line between NY and NJ
Court said only Congress has the right to regulate commerce between states -
First national woman's rights convention in the US
Called for equal rights in voting, education, and property -
Dred Scott
Slave who sued for his and his family's freedom after being taken to a free state
Court said that Scott, as an African-American and previously property, was not a citizen
Gave him no legal standing to sue
Called the “greatest disaster” of the Supreme Court -
Ended Chinese immigration to the US -
Ruled segregation was legal as long as the facilities were equal
“Separate but equal” doctrine -
direct election of senators -
changed the american media americans were able to turn on the radio and listen to whateveer was being brodcasted -
gave women right to vote -
The court saw Roosevelt's economic legislation as an assault on property rights
Ruled that some New Deal programs violated the Constitution
Roosevelt served 12 years as president (1933-1945) and packed the court with nominees that supported expansion of gov't. Power -
Ruled 2nd Amendment does not protect the right to have all types of weapons -
The Supreme Court ruled that a child could be expelled for refusing to salute the American flag or recite the pledge (these actions violated the child’s religious beliefs) -
Upheld Fair Labor Standards Act; Commerce Clause allows Congress to regulate employment conditions -
FDR required all people of Japanese descent on the West Coast to report to "War Relocation Centers" (internment camps)
120,000 left their homes and businesses and 80,000 remained in camps until the war was over. -
The court reversed itself and decided unity was not a sufficient reason to overrule religious beliefs. -
Upheld involuntary internment of ethnically Japanese American citizens -
Coordinates national security policy
Brings together the top military, foreign affairs, and intelligence officials in the administration -
americans were now able to watch from home instead of just listening -
Ruled segregation is illegal
"Separate is inherently unequal" -
Empowered the federal government to actively engage in voter registration in places where voting discrimination had been found -
187 African-American students gathered at the state capitol to protest racial injustice
Students did not end the protest when police told them to and were arrested.
Court said the state had no authority to disperse the students, as they were protesting legally -
Outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
Protects applicants and employees of 40+ years old from discrimination based on age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, privileges, etc. of employment. -
President must consult with Congress before sending troops
Congress can force the president to end use of military with a concurrent resolution -
Established the rationale for qualified immunity -
Limited police use of lethal force -
Juries must consider if the officer believed force was reasonable -
Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public -
Ruled 2nd Amendment right to bear arms includes the right to self defense -
Ruled 2nd Amendment applies to federal, state, and local governments; upheld 2nd Amendment -
Court ruled a ban on immigration from majority-Muslim countries did not violate the Establishment Clause
