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Edict of Nantes
Henry IV issued this document in order to protect Protestants, protect the religion, and allow Protestants to fortify the land. -
Thirty years War
Conflict over religion, territory, and power amongst European ruling families causes war which lasts from 1618 to 1648. During first 12 years, Hapsburgs were victorious. Cardinal Richelieu and his son dominated following years of the war, which ended with Peace of Westphalia. -
Cardinal Richelieu appointed
Richelieu is appointed by Louis XIII and takes two steps to increase the power of Bourbon Monarchy:
1. Moves against Huguenot because he believed it to create conspiracies against Catholic King
2. Weakens power of noble families by ordering them to take down castles. -
Reign of Louis XIV
Louis XIV was the strongest king France has ever had and stated: "I Am the State", further proving his power. -
Signing of the Peace of Westphalia
-Weakened Hapsburg state of Spain and Germany
-Strengthened France by awarding it German territory
-Made German princes independent of the Holy Roman Emperor
-Ended religious wars in Europe
-Introduced a new method of peace negotiation where participants come together to peacefully discuss solution (which is used to this day).
-Ended 30 Years War -
Reign of Peter the Great
Contacts with Western Europe in order to learn from greater civilizations which led to Westernization of Russia. He introduced potatoes, which became a Russian diet staple, started Russia's first newspaper, raised the status of women, ordered nobles to wear Western fashions and advanced education by opening schools. -
Reign of Maria Theresa
Maria takes power in 1740 after her father's death. Was involved in the war due to Austria's succession with Prussia. Lost Silesia in the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748. Maria allied herself with France and fought in the Seven Year's War against Britain and Prussia.