Unit #2: Civil Rights in America

By TaylorSmith42

  • 13th Amendment

    Adopted in 1865, eight months after the civil war ended, the amendment forbid slavery in the United States
    Took Lincoln's executive order (The Emancipation Proclamation) and made it a "fix" on the constitution.

  • Black Codes

    Laws passed by Souther States that prevented voting, restriced freedom, and encouraged debt and low wages.

  • 14th Amendment

    Declared that all persons born in the United States (except Native Americans) were citizens, that all citizens were entitles to equal rights regardless of their race, and their rights were protected by due process of the law.
    Southern staes were required to sign off on it before they were allowed back in to the United States

  • 15th Amendment

    One of three amendments to the U.S. Constitution passes during the era of reconstruction. Granted African American men the rigjht to vote. This didn't stop "tests" from being put into place to limit voting.

  • Plessy v. Ferguson

    The U.S Supreme court rules that staes can constitutionally enact legislation requiring persons of different races to use "seperate but equal" segragated facilities.

  • 19th Amendment

    Gaurantees all American woman the right to vote. The woman who protested and petitioned were called Suffragettes.

  • 20th Amendment

    sets the dates at which (United States) government elected offices end.

  • Federal Housing Authority

    United States government agency created as part of the National Housing Act of 1934. It sets standards for construction and underwriting and insures loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building.

  • Brown v. Ferguson

    Rejecting the precendent for state-maintained segragation established by Plessy v Ferguson.

  • Montgomery Bus Boycott

    Lasted from December 1955 to December 1956. Started with Claudette and Rosa. Ended with Supreme Court case Brower v Gayle that said segragated buses were unconstitutional. Leaders" MLKjr, Rosa Parks, NAACP

  • Civil Rights Act of 1957

    1st Civil rights legislation since Reconstruction. Protected voting rights. Established federal civil rights commistion - investigates discrimination. Prevented intergerence in voting.

  • Sit-Ins

    Most well known sit-ins happened in Greensboro North Carolina; 4 University student who sat at a “whites only” counter and were refused service, refused to leave until the store closed. At this time, 1960, a "whites only" counter would have been illegal. The protest in a matter of days went from 4 students to over 300. Some sit-ins recieved violent reactions from segragationists.

  • Affermative Action

    an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination.

  • 24th Amendment

    Prevented congress and states from requiring a "poll" tax beofre you can vote.

  • Jim Crow Laws

    State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.

  • Civil Rights Act of 1964

    Abolished racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers. Could not be denied hire or fired for those reasons. Introduced by JFK. Ended unfair voting requirements.

  • Desegregation

    Desegregation was long a focus of the American Civil Rights Movement, both before and after the United States Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education, particularly desegregation of the school systems and the military

  • Upward Bound

    provides opportunities for participants to succeed in their precollege performance and ultimately in their higher education pursuits.

  • Head Start

    a program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive early childhood education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families.

  • Lynching

    Lynching meant any extra-judicial punishment, including tarring and feathering and running out of town, but during the 19th century in the United States, it began to be used to refer specifically to murder, usually by hanging.

  • Veteran Rights Act of 1964

    struck down poll taxes, literacy tests and impossible civics tests that were forced on many American blacks to keep them away from the voting booth.

  • Civil Disobedience

    Civil disobedience is the active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power.

  • Martin Luther King Jr.

    Leader of the Civil RIghts Movement. Advocated nonviolent civil disobedience and demanded equal rights for blacks including desegragation in all public facilities and life. Was arrested for protesting. Assassinated in 1968 by James Earl Ray - his death sparked race riots all over America.

  • Nonviolent Protest

    the practice of achieving goals through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, or other methods, without using violence.

  • 26th Amendment

    Prohibits the federal government and the states from denying the ability to vote based on age: thus lowering the voting age to 18.

  • Title IX

    a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity.

  • Thurgood Marshall

    Distinguised lawer. Argues and won Brown v Board of Education. Worked for the NAACP. First African America supreme court justice. Estabished a record for supporting the voiceless American.

  • Cesar Chavez

    An American farm worker, labor leader and civil rights activist, who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association

  • Orville Faubus

    Governer of Akransas. Best known for his stand in the desegragation of Little Rock Highschool where he ordered Arkansas National Gaurd to stop African American students from entering the school. President Eisenhower sent the U.S. Army to escort the students to and from school for a year.

  • Hector P. Garcia

    Dr. Hector Garcia Perez was a Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. Forum

  • Lester Madox

    Governor of Georgia. Former restaurant ownder who refused to serve blacks. Ran for governer through he had not held a public office beofre. Segragationist.

  • Rosa Parks

    Worked for the NAACP, heard about Claudette and was inspired to do the same thing. Worked closeely with MLKjr in Montgomery Bus Boycotts.

  • Betty Friedan

    An American writer, activist, and feminist. A leading figure in the women's movement in the United States, her 1963 book The Feminine Mystique is often credited with sparking the second wave of American feminism in the 20th century

  • George Wallace

    Governor of Alabama, pro-segragation. “I say segregation today, segregation tomorrow, and segregation forever.”

  • Sharecropping/Tenant Farming

    A system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land.