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Muhammad was born in about 570 CE in the Arabian city of Mecca.
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Around 610 while meditating at night in the mountains near Mecca, Muhammad is spoken to by the angel Gabriel. This date is when Muhammad's revelations began.
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Mecca's leaders feared that they were losing power, so they pressured Muhammad and his followers and persecuted some of them. As a result, Muhammad and his followers fled Mecca and took residence in Medina from June 21st to July 2nd.
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After a brief illness Muhammad died. Medinan leaders and three of Muhammad's close friends determined that Abu Bakr, one of Muhammad's earliest followers, should succeed him
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Abu Bakr continued Muhammad's religious practices, mainly the Five Pillar's of Islam, five acts that are considered the foundation of Muslim life.
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Abu Bakr ordered men who had written down Muhammad's revelations to create a collection of them in a book. The words of the Quran are seen as the unalterable word of God. Around the year 650 the Quran reached its final form.
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The first hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs from 661 to 750. Eventually overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate.
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The Umayyad dynasty fell in 750 after a decade of growing unrest. Shi'ites and Kharijites attacked the Umayyad family with a series of rebellions. After overthrowing the last Umayyad caliph, descendants of the Prophet Muhammad's uncle formed the Abbasid Caliphate.
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An empire created by Muslims of West Africa. Played a large role in trans-saharan gold trade.
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The Delhi Sultanate was a centralized Indian empire created by Muslim invaders.
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The muslim Ruler of Mali, known for being a Muslim and for his pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca.
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Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca with an entourage of over 60,000 people. Upon returning to Mali, Mansa Musa built new mosques and opened Quran schools in cities.
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After conquering egypt, the Fatimid rulers claimed the title of caliph, challenging the Abbasids.
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Mecca surrendered to Muhammad and his followers and they made their pilgrimage to the Ka'ba
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The Abbasid Caliphate fell under the control of mountain warriors from Daylam. Led by the Shi'ite Buyid family, they conquered western Iran as well as Iraq.
