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Italians were tired of living under foreign leaders, wanted to go back to their previous kingdoms.
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Mazzini was in favor of a United Republic. This idea spread quickly through Italy.
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In the Papal states, Lucca, Tiscany, and Sardinia reforms take place to weaken Revolutionary movements but brought about revolutions of 1848 that occured in multiple cities.
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The kingdom adopts a liberal Constitution that pleased the middle class.
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Camillo di Cavour moves from King to Prime Minister. He wanted to expand Piedmont Sardinia's power and annex Northern Italy.
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Cavour provokes war with Austria and with help from France wins two quick victories.
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Led by Guiseppe Garibaldi, the fighters, known as Red Shirts, take control of Sicily.
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Venetia, including city of Venice, becomes part of Italy after the Seven Weeks War.
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Papal states, including Rome, fall to Italian forces. Rome becomes capital of Italy.
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Napoleon III withdrawals troops from Rome, quickly replaced by Italin troops.