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End of The Congress of Vienna
The Congress convened to redraw the European map and pre-Napoleonic borders were restored to Italy. This included restoring power to the many governments that were independent and were either directly ruled or influenced by European powers. -
Period: to
Unification of Italy
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Austrian Army Marching Across Italian Peninsula
The Austrian Army began marching across the Italian peninusla crushing resistance in each province that revolted. This suppressed much of the revolutionary movement and resulted in arrests of many radical leaders. -
Execution of Members of Giovine Italia
A political movement founded by Giuseppe Mazzini. They wanted to created one unified Italian republic through general insurrection. They wanted this to occur in every revolutionary state and in lands occupied by the Austrians. Two brothers were executed on this day after creating a group of 20 rebels. -
First Italian Independence War
Fought between Kingdom of Sardinia and Austrian Empire. Austrians managed to defeat the Italians often. Sardinia could not defeat Austria by itself. Sardinia then went out to find allies to beat Austria with and drive them out of North Italy. -
Period: to
First Italian Independence War
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Roman Question
Mazzini was discontented with how monarchial governments were going and still pushed for a republic. He created a slogan for the unification movement. The pope being in Italy proved a big roadblock. -
Second Italian Independence War
Fought by Second French Empire and Sardinia. France sent half their army and Sardinia didn't match half of what Europe sent. The central Italian states were annexed and France took its reward. Giving France these lands started the unification actually. -
Period: to
Second Italian Independence War
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The Expedition of The Thousand
Garibaldi sent 1,000 volunteers to undo the French annexation of Nice and he wanted to regain the territory without provoking a French war. They landed on the west coast of Sicily. -
Period: to
The Expedition of The Thousand
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Defeat of The Kingdom of Naples
Garibaldi took Naples's capital but couldn't catpure the king without Sardinian help. Garibaldi announced Kingdom of Italy and asked for help that Sardinian sent throught he papal states. -
Third Italian Independence War
Fought alongside the Austro-Prussian War between Kingdom of Italy and the Austrian Empire. This gave Lombardy to the Italian King along with Venetia. Napoleon III between Prussia and Austria. Austrians refused to surrender Venetia directly as they performed poorly in war. -
Period: to
Third Italian Independence War
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Rome Becomes The Capital of Italy
In August the French emperor retreated from Rome and the Papal State lost protection. The Italian government acted after the Second French Empire fell and the pope declared himself prisoner even though he wasn't.
