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  Abraham Lincoln elected President of the U.S. He declares "Government can not endure half slave, half free..."
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  Fort Sumter attacked by Confederate forces.
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  First Battle at Bull Run is a Confederate victory by General Stonewall Jackson.
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  The battle at Shiloh. Confederate surprise attack results in 13,000 Union soldiers killed or wounded and 10,000 Confederates lost. More men are lost than in all previous wars combined.
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  Second battle of Bull Run. 75,000 Union soldiers are defeated by 55,000 Confederate soldiers.
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  President Lincoln issues the final Emancipation Proclamation.
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  Union victory at the Battle of Gettysburg.
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  General Grant appointed head of all Union Armies.
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  US Congress approves the 13th Amendment.
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  General Robert E. Lee surrenders to General Ulysses S. Grant.
