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Indian Removal Act
Andrew Jackson signed the act and thousands of Indian people forced off tribal land. -
Indian Schools
Carlisle Indian training school was the first boarding school established in Carlisle, Pennsylvania by col. Richard henry Pratt. It moved the focus of assimilation from adults to children. His motto was “kill the Indian in him and save the man.” The children were forced to cut their hair, wear school uniforms and forbidden to speak their language. Children were physical, emotionally and sexually abused. -
General Allotment Act (Dawes Act)
natives received allotment on the reservation then the remainder was open to non-natives. Created a checkerboard pattern on reservation lands. Tribes lose 90 million acres, size of California. Tribes lose 2/3 of land holdings. -
Indian Reorganization Act
Was the new deal for Indians. It ended allotment and formed tribal governments which elected tribal leaders -
Termination
Ended the federally recognized status of over 100 Indian tribes. -
Relocation of Tribes
Forced large populations of American Indians to urban areas (e.g. Minneapolis, Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles, New York) with promises of jobs. -
Self-determination
Shift in policy under L.B. Johnson; includes tribal restoration, self-governance, self-sufficiency, cultural restoration, resource development, control over programs and services. -
Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA)
federal law that seeks to keep American Indian children with American Indian families. Congress passed ICWA in 1978 in response to the alarmingly high number of Indian children being removed from their homes by both public and private agencies. The intent of congress under ICWA was to protect the best interests of Indian children and to promote the stability and security of Indian tribe s and families