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George Washington becomes the first president of the United States, and is not affiliated with a political party so he is considered independent.
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John Adams becomes president of the federal party. The party believed in a strong central government, and that wealthy educated people should hold power in government.
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Citizens affiliated with this party believed in a less centralized government, and that ordinary people had the common sense to run the government.
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Belief in states' rights, and a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
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Believed strongly in the Constitution in order to limit the power of the federal government.
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Believed in greater freedoms for the common man.
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During this period many in the south were Democratic. Lincoln was Republican and believed in the unification of the nation.