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The father of 12-tone music; important as an innovator; teacher of Webern and Berg
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One of the most versatile and interesting composers of the 20th century; rhythmic style; harmonically interesting
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Hungarian; ethnomusicologist, music educator; created moveable 'do' solfege system
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Italian composer and musicologist; original and inventive
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French-American; wrote non-tonal music, focusing on elements other than pitch; innovative; took interest in electronic music and the idea of organized sound as music
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Brazilian composer and cellist
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Austrian composer; awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1956 for his Symphony No. 3; prolific composer
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Turned communist in 1936; not talked about much in music history; anti-USA
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Swiss composer of French descent
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Russian composer and pianist; important as a Russian voice in Western culture
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French composer; too modest; beautiful music
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From Switzerland; admired Bach
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Friends with Satie; used polytonality; one of the first to use jazz in concert music; came to the United States in 1940
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German conductor, teacher, author, and composer; wrote music for the practicing musician
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American composer; the first African-American composer to have his symphony performed by a leading orchestra; the first black American to conduct a major orchestra; the first black American to write for radio, TV, and films; he incorporated folk idioms, jazz, and spirituals
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American composer, theorist, and teacher, atonal mostly; intense and dissonant
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American composer, teacher, and conductor of Swedish ancestry; neo-romantic style
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Influential American composer, pianist. and conductor who worked in Hollywood; he successfully fused jazz and pop music
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American jazz composer, band-leader and pianist; Created a unique style of big-band jazz; one of the first African-American composers to cross races with his music
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French composer; by age 15 he had written over 200 works; wrote for French film
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French composer; delicate and sometimes irreverent style; harmonically charming
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Most popular American composer of the 20th century; teacher, conductor, author; his music still has a special appeal to the American public
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African-American jazz musician who revolutionized jazz; singer, band-leader, and trumpeter
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Versatile; the most important Russian composer working in Russia in his day
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American composer and teacher; used borrowed subjects
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American composer and accomplished singer; child prodigy and gifted melodist; continued with a successful conservative tonality in the midst of the 20th-century musical experimentations
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American composer and philosopher; most innovative composer of the 20th century, changed the definition of music; used indeterminacy; he was the center of avant-garde music in the mid-20th century
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Melodic freedom; dissonant chords; polychords and tone clusters; 12 tone system; large scope of types of music; cadences are most predictable depending on the piece
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Maximalism and minimalism; impressionism; expressionism; jazz; serialism; electronic, primitivism
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