The Medieval (476 A.D.- 1420s)The Renaissance (1430-1600)

The Medieval Period (476 A.D.- 1420s)

Period: 476 BCE to 1420

The Fall of the Roman Empire (476)

476

Germanic leader Odoacer which at that time were allies of the Romans, has staged a revolt and deposed the Emperor Romulus Augustulus

Arezzo (ca. 991-after 1033)

991

Guido of Arezzo was a music theorist and was credited by creating a system of precise pitch natation through lines and spaces on a staff, he spread the method of sight-singing using a syllables.

First Crusade (1095)

1095

The First Crusade was launched by Pope Urban II which a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and at times directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period

von Bingen (1098-1179)

1098

Hildegard von Bingen or known as Saint Hildegard and Sibyl of the Rhine was a composer of the first morality play. She was also a writer and theologian
von Bingen has made 77 melodies, a morality play, books,paintings, and poetry
Her genre she commonly composed was early music

The end of the First Crusade (1099)

1099

de Ventadorn (ca.- 1130-40-ca. 1190-1201)

1130

Bernart de Ventadorn was a famous troubadour and one of the finest troubadour poets, his music is very important because him music survived than any other 12th century poet
de Ventadorn has made 18 complete with melodies and 44 songs
his genre he commonly composed was early music

Léonin (Leoninus) (ca. 1135-ca. 1201)

1135

Léonin was a master of organum purum at the Cathedral of Notre Dame,Pairs
Léonin has made Magnus Laber, Collection of organum

Beatriz de Dia (1140-1212)

1140

Comtessa Beatriz de Dia was a famous female troubadour, the only one surviving melody by a female
Beatriz de Dia has made 1 tenso and 4 cansos

Second Crusade

1147

The Second Crusade was launched by Pope Eugenius III.The Second Crusade was started in response to the fall of the County of Edessa

The end of the Second Crusade (1149)

1149

von der Vogelweide (ca. 1170-1230)

1170

Walther von der Vogelweidewas a poet and Minnesinger, he worked at the Viennese court. Considered to be the leading composer and poet among Minnesinger. He wrote the earliest surviving minnesinger melody.

Pérotin (Perotinus) (ca.1183-ca. 1205)

1183

Pérotin was a master of discant organum at the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris. He was supposed of Leonon. He wrote 3 and 4-voice organum

Pérotin has made organum, clauslae, and conductus

Third Crusade (1189)

1189

The Third Crusade was an attempt by the leaders of the three most powerful states of Western Christianity to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin

the end of the Third Crusade (1192)

1192

Fourth Crusade (1202)

1202

The Fourth Crusade was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III andwas stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem, by first conquering the powerful Egyptian Ayyubid Sultanate, which was the strongest Muslim state of the time.

The end of the Fourth Crusade

1204

d'Arras (1213-1239)

1213

Moniot d'Arras was a composer and poet of the trouvère tradition and was a monk at Arras
d'Arras has made 23 poems and 13 of his melodies survived

de la Halle (ca. 1245-50- ca. 1285-1288)

1245

Adam de la Halle was one of the last trouveres, he wrote polyphony
de la Halle has made chansos,7 motets, and rondeaux
his genre he commonly composed was early music

Du Fay (1397-1474)

1397

Guillaume Du Fay was the first important Renaissance composer, Guillaume used older medieval cadences.
Guillaume has done 7 Masses, 28 Mass sections, 90 motets, 15 antiphons, 27 hymns, 87 chansons, 22 motete. and (13 isorhythmic)
his genre he commonly composed was early music

Ockeghem (1410-1497)

1410

Johannes Ockeghem was a Bass singer, he served 3 kings, he was an important teacher and was very respected, and he didn't use much imitation.
Ockeghem has made 13 masses, 5+ motets, 21 chansons, and a Requiem
his genre he commonly composed was early music

The Renaissance (1430-1600)

Period: 1430 to 1600

The Renaissance had many instruments used like the slide trumpets,sackbuts,organs,traverse flutes,and recorders,kettledrums,and cymbal.
The melodies of the Renaissance music were mostly flowing and melismatic in nature,these melodies used wider leaps for expression to text and were more conjunct than disjunct.The harmony in the Renaissance go into focus on progressions of 3rd and 6ths.The Renaissance music was based on church modes and some music been using altered modes of using major and minor

Joan of Arc Burned Alive (1431)

May 30, 1431

Joan of Arc entered Comiegne outside Paris and was taken prisoner. where the British held Joan in prison in a tower in Rouen. Joan of Arc was convicted of treason against God and she was convicted and burned to death at the stake.

Des Prez (1450-55- 1521)

1450

Josquin des Prez was considered to be the best of the composers of our time by Martin Luther and the master of the notes, and was also said to have no peer in music.
des Prez has made 18 masses, 50+ motets, 65 chansons, and (10 instrumental) many of which were misattributed works.
his genre he commonly composed was his genre he commonly composed was and classical music

Isaac (1450-1517)

1450

Heinrich Isaac was a composer who influenced German music, he was a court composer to the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian 1 in Vienna and also served in Florence.
Isaac has made 36 masses, he has anthology over 450 chant-based polyphonic motets
his genre he commonly composed was early music

Printing Press was Invented (1450)

1450

In 1450 Johannes Guttenberg invented the printing press. This invention revolutionized communication and education, which allowing the development of newspapers and books

de la Rue (1452-1518)

1452

Pierre de la Rue was the leading composer at the Burgundian court,he was a frequent use of canon and ostinato and he preferred low sonorites.
de la Rue has made 31 masses, 25 motets, 7 mass sections, Requiem, and 30 chansons.
his genre he commonly composed was early music

The Hundred Years' War ended (1337-1453)

1453

The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts in Western Europe from 1337 to 1453, waged between England and France

Obrecht (1457-1505)

1457

Jacob Obrecht made an important contributions to large-scale forms and their unity and was an important composer of masses in Europe
Obrechthas made 26 masses, Marian antiphons, 32 motets, and 30 secular works
his genre he commonly composed was early music

Petucci (1466-1539)

1466

Ottaviano Petucci was the first music printer and publisher

Luther(1483-1546)

1483

Martin Luther was a German theologian and composer and he was the founder of the Lutheran Church.
Martin Luther has made a German hymns and a writing

Tallis (ca. 1505-1585)

1505

Thomas Tallis was a spanish composer and singer and he was very popular after death
Thomas Tallis has made 30 motets (1for 40 voices) a anthems, Lamentation,Psalms, and 3 masses.
his genre he commonly composed was early music, classical music, and dancehall

Arcadelt (ca. 1507- ca. 1568)

1507

Jacques Arcadelt was famous for his 3-7 voice masses which were often homorhythmic style
Jacques Arcadelt has made volumes of madrigals, masses, and chansons

de Rore (ca. 1515-1565)

1515

Cipriano de Rore was a Flemish composer of the Renaissance and worked in Ferrara and Parma
de Rore has made 65 motets, 8 Psalms, 3 masses, at least 125 madrigals, magnificats, and 1 passion
his genre he commonly composed was early music

Magellan Sets Off Around the World (1519)

Sep 20, 1519

Magellan set sail from Spain in an effort to find a western sea route to the rich Spice Islands of Indonesia. Magellan was in command of five ships and 270 men, Magellan and his men sailed to West Africa and then to Brazil

de Monte (1521-1603)

1521

Philippe de Monte was a Flemish composer of the late Renaissance, he was one of the most prolific composers of the Renaissance.
de Monte has made 38 masses, 319 motets, 144 sacred madrigals, 45 chansons, and at least 1038 sccular madrigals
his genre he commonly composed was early music

da Palestrina (1525/26-1594)

1525

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina became an icon of the Renaissance music for future generations, he responded to the requests of the Council of Trent to reform Catholic church music, he was mostly contrapuntal liturgical music
da Palestrina has made 375 motets, 104 masses, and madrigals (sacred and secular)
his genre he commonly composed was early music, Renaissance music, Classical music

Gabrieli (1532/35-1585)

1532

Andrea Gabrieli was an Italian composer and organist of the late Renaissance and was the uncle of Giovanni,he worked in Venice and was pupil of Willaert
Gabrieli has made masses, Psalms, motets, madrigals, vocal concerti, and as well as keyboard and instrumental works.
his genre he commonly composed was early music and art music

di Lasso ((ca. 1532-1594)

1532

Orlando di Lasso or Roland de Lassus was a composer of the late Renaissance and he was chief representative of the mature polyphonic style of the Franco-Flemish school, he had over 2,000 compositions in all languages, and he was one of the most versatile and prolic composers in the 16th century
di Lasso has made 60 masses,150 chansons, 530 motets, 175 Italian madrigals, 90 German Lieder, and 100 magnificats
his genre he commonly composed was early music and classical

Bardi (1534-1612)

1534

Count Giovanni Bardi was the Leader of the Florentine Camerata in the late 1570s to the 1590s, he was an Italian critic, poet, composer, and playwright.
Bardi has made 4 madrigals, he was the Creator of Intermedi, he was a treatise, and made dramatic works

de Wert (1535-1596)

1535

Giaches de Wert was a Franco-Flemish composer of the late Renaissance and was a pupil of de Rore, he served the Dukes of Manuta and Parma, de Wert influenced Monteverdi
de Wert has made 15 volumes of madrigals, motets, and hymns

Anne Boleyn Beheaded (1536)

May 19, 1536

In 1536 King Henry VIII accused his second wife Anne Boleyn who was crowned queen in 1533, of charges including adultery, incest and conspiracy against the king, she was beheaded by a French swordsman, rather than the standard axe-wielding executioner.

Byrd (ca. 1540-1623)

1540

William Byrd was an English composer of the Renaissance, Byrd was considered to be one of the greatest composers of the Renaissance and one of the greatest British composers,he was a Catholic composer writing both Catholic and Protestant music in England.
Byrd has made 3 masses, 175 motets, anthems, and antiphons
his genre he commonly composed was early music and classical

First Illustration of the Human Body (1543)

1543

In 1543 Adreas Vesalius published De fabricaq corporis humani, this was the first illustrated systematic study of the human anatomy

Luis de Victoria (1548-1611)

1548

Tomas Luis de Victoria was the most famous composer in 16th-century Spain, and was one of the most important composers of the Counter-Reformation,he continued Palestrina's Roman style in Spain, he was a sacred-music composer
Luis de Victoria has made 20 masses, motets, magnificats, hymns, and many liturgical pieces
his genre he commonly composed was early music

Marenzio (1553/54-1599)

1553

Luca Marenzio was an Italian composer and singer of the late Renaissance, he was even one of the most renowned composers of madrigals and wrote some of the most famous examples of the form in its late stage of development. He worked in Rome, Ferrara, Florence, and Warsaw , he even was serving the King of Poland, he also influenced the English madrigal.
Marenzio has made 75 sacred motets and 9 books of madrigals
his genre he commonly composed was early music

Morley (1557/58-1602)

1557

Thomas Morley was an English composer, theorist, singer and organist of the Renaissance. He contributed to the development of the English madrigal and he was also important for printing and music publication
Morley has edited the "Triumphs of Oriana" (1601),done liturgical works, and keyboard works

Gesualdo (ca. 1561-1613)

1561

Carlo Gesualdo was Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza. He was a composer and was known for writing intensely expressive madrigals and pieces of sacred music that use a chromatic language not heard again until the late 19th century, he even murdered his wife and lover in 1590,Stravinisky was fascinated with his work of music.
Gesualdo has made 2 books of motets,6 books of madrigals,1 book of responsories,keyboard works
his genre he commonly composed was early music,Renaissance music,classical

Monteverdi (1567-1643)

1567

Claudio Monteverdi was an Italian composer, string player, choirmaster, and priest. A composer of both secular and sacred music, and a pioneer in the development of opera
Monteverdi ha made 13 operas, 8 books of madrigals, Vespers
his genre he commonly composed was Opera, madrigal, classical music, ballet, and baroque music

Weelkes (1576-1623)

1576

Thomas Weelkes was an English composer and organist, he even had a bad drinking problem
Weelke works are chiefly vocal, and include madrigals, anthems
his genre he commonly composed was early music