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Treaty of piece to end the WW1 - Germany = disarmed, pay reparations, lose of colonies SDN
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paix entre les alliés de l'Autriche
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officialiser la dislocation de l'Hongrie
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Sécurité en Europe et les frontiéres de l'Allemagne
Germany recognizes new western Borders
Improvement in the political climate in the western of Europe Reconciliation between Germany and France
= Gustav Straesman- Astride Briand = architects
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Benelux+Den, SW, Nor, = agree to raise tariffs between them without consultation
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Bel+ Lux+NL = gradual reduction of economic barriers and the creation of a customs union
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Non agression pact between Soviet Union and Germany
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Programme de retablissement Europeen ; un programme américain de prets accordés aux différents Etats pour aider la reconstruction des villes et des installations bombardées lors de la G2. Les modalités sont discutés lors de la conference de paris
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Western Union defence
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CECA= communauté europénne de l'acier et du charbon
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armée européenne = plan pleven for European Army ! failure!
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Pacte de Varsovie - alliance entre Europe de l'Est+ URSS
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The Benelux memorandum = reviving European integration on the basis of a general common market
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The Treaty of Rome is signed by the Original
Six as the first step towards establishing the
common market, customs union, and free
movement of capital and labour. The European
Economic Community (EEC) and European Atomic
Energy Community (Euratom) are established. The
ECJ becomes the court of the EEC to interpret the
Treaty of Rome and rule in disputes over EEC
decisions -
Benelux economic union ; end to custom barriers and ensure free movements of persons, goods and services among the three countries
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Libre echange en Europe- UK
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De Gaulle and Adenauer
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Helsinki agreements are the final act of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE), Security: territorial integrity of States.
2) Civil rights: respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief. -
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'European Union', EMU, social policy, EU Citizenship + Role European council recognized new fields, greater legislative power to the EP, principle of subsidiairity., new areas of competences (culture, health..)
- 3 pillars :
European community = single market, EMU, democratization of institutions
Common foreign and security policy=foreign policy, military matters, Western European Union armed wing, respect NATO
Justice and home affairs = about a police and judicial cooperation. -
The Treaty of Amsterdam is more about doing something concerning eurosceptism and reform of enlargement. The treaty strengthen new fields of actions : foreign and security policy and justice and home affairs. Reinforcement of institutions as a condition for enlargement, improve decision-taking capacity: more QMV, more competences for the EP, debate on size and composition of the commission, political values, sanctions for MS that violate them
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It amended the Maastricht Treaty and the Treaty of Rome. It reformed the institutional structure of the European Union to withstand eastward expansion, a task which was originally intended to have been done by the Amsterdam Treaty, but failed to be addressed at the time. The entrance into force of the treaty was in doubt for a time, after its initial rejection by Irish voters in a referendum in June 2001.
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dissastification with Nice who was too Narrow. small countries feel dominated by bigger countries.
Content: simplification of the treaties, delimitation of competences between EU and MS (subsidiarity), legal status of the charter fundemental, rights, Responsability of Europe in the world -
QMV mechanism simplified: 55% states plus 65% population.Strengthen legislative and budgetary rights of the European Parliament. Permanent president European Council and “election” for the President of the Commission.High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President Commission.European external action service (European diplomacy).