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indian claims to land were the biggest obstacles to American expansion. After the war of 1812 the U.S. government was determined to remove that obstacle.
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After the war of 1812, the Native Americans could offer little resistance.
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when indiana became a state in 1816, the Mi-ami and the Potawatomi were the most numerous remaining tribes.
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published in 1818, author william Darby notes that nearly two-thirds of its territory is yet in the hands of the indians.
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in 1830 Congress sealed the fate of Native Americans by passing the indian Removal Act, giving Presi-dent Andrew Jackson the green light to forcibly move indians westward.
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The indiana Potawatomi signed nine treaties in 1836, ceding their remaining reservations in indiana to the United States.
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The treaty of the Yellow River, con-cluded on August 5, 1836, was by far the most contro-versial treaty.
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On September 4, 1838, the exodus to Kansas, which came to be known as the Potawatomi trail of Death, began with more than 850 Potawatomi under armed guard.
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The indians touched Kansas soil on November 2 and reached their final destination of Osawatomie, Kansas, on November 4, 1838. They had traveled around 660 miles in two months.