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Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation is one of the most famous and most important documents in American history. On September 22nd the preliminary document was realesed, and the latter document was issued on January 1st 1863. The Emancipation Proclamation is a presidential decree proclaiming that all slaves should be freed, and that the freedom of slaves should be a primary goal of the civil war. "The Emancipation Proclamation." Civil War.org. N.p., n.d. -
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To Kill A Mockingbird Context
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Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
On April 14th 1865 president Abraham Lincoln is shot and killed at Ford's theatre by John Wilkes Booth. The reprecussions of his death were felt heavily. Due to his death, the intense hatred from the north was amplified towards the south. This lead to many punishing acts on the southern states. Lincoln also had a reconstruction act in place however his death made reconstruction much more strenous. Staff, History. "Abraham Lincoln's Assassination." History .com. A+E Networks, n.d. Web. 20 Feb. -
13th Amendment
When the 13th Amendment was officially ratified, it made all operations of slavery unconstitutional. The 13th Ammendement came almost a year after the war had ended. However it doesn't change how powerful it was. This was the pinnacle of years of fighting for change. “The 13th Amendment is ratified,” The History Channel website, http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/13th-amendment-ratified (accessed Feb 20, 2014). -
Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan was formed in 1865 and quickly grew throughout the south. With its principles believing in a white supremacy, and a christian way of life. Their extreme beliefs led to a lot of brutal violence, and due to them being affiliated with segreational governments, they could operate with indemnity.
Head, Tom. "History of the KKK." About .Com. N.p., n.d. Web. -
14th Amendment
The 14th Ammendment which had been ratified in 1868 permited all African-Americans (and freed slaves) equal rights, and it allowed them a United States citizenship. Congress made sure that all southern states agreed to the ammendment, in order to join the union.
Staff, History.com. "Fourteenth Amendment." History.com. A+E Networks, n.d. Web. -
15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment allowed all citizens, regardless of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" the right to vote (however native americans couldn't vote till 1920). In spite of the Amendment, many states used various methods to make sure that african-americans did not vote.
Staff, History.com. "Fifteenth Amendment." History .com. A+E Networks, n.d. Web. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
By 1896 "Jim Crow" laws existed everywhere in the south. However in 1896 a legal dispute turned into a national case. The idea "seperate but equal" was still constitutional by the 14th amendment. Therefore segregation was now legalized. Staff, History.com. "Plessy v. Ferguson." History.com. A+E Networks, n.d. Web. -
NAACP Is Founded
The National Association for the Advancment of colored people is an organization that was very critical in during the civil rights movement. The organization grew exponentially, going from just 9,000 in 1917, to in the area of 90,000 in 1919. As a legal advocate, the NCAAP fought injustices and had headquarters across the nation. Lobbying against discrimination, and unjust legislators, i.e: Brown v Board of Education, Moore vs Dempsey the anti- lynching bill etc
"History of the NAACP." NAACP.org -
UNIA and Marcus Garvey
When Marcus Garvey arrived in New York, he brough along a great sense of racial pride. The UNIA became extremely large, with a minimum of 500,000 followers, and perhaps even in the millions at its peak. However many question Garvey when he declared he would be provisional president of the new nation in Africa. And despite his great leadership skills, not a single person was sent to Africa due to Garvey being deported on mail fraud.
"UNIA." Encyclopedia Britannica. N.p., n.d. Web. -
Harlem Renaissance
Many African Americans spread throughout many nothern cities due to African Americans seeking work in factories due to WW1. Especially in Harlem, this led to an outburst of black culture. This free expression gave the sense o civil rights to the black community, and a sense of racial pride. The popularity wasn't just limited to blacks, but whites also enjoyed the works by the black artists and intellectuals.
"Harlem Renaissance." History.com. A+E Networks, n.d. Web. -
Chicago Race Riot
Eugene Williams was stoned and drowned in lake Michigan, this led to one of the largest riots in 1919. The riots lasted a week and left 23 blacks, an 15 whites dead. Thousands more were homeless due to their houses being lit on fire. Whites were suspected and blamed by the president as the instigators. The summer was known as the "Red Summer" due to riots apearing in many cities.
"The Chicago Race Riot of 1919." History.com. A+E Networks, 2009. Web. -
Great Depression Begins
In 1929, the global stock market crashed, sending worldwide economic recession. In America. unemployment was at an all time high in 1933, about 1 in 4 americans were unemployed. Soup kitchens and "bread lines" were a common sight in almost every town and city. When FDR became president, he brought in new policies and was able to grow the economy until 1937. "The Great Depression." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 2014. -
Joe Louis V Max Schmeling II
Joe Louis v. Max Schmeling was a highly anticpiated bout. Which the previous time Schmeling had won. This match pitted not only black between whites, but the america and germany. Schmeling's publicist even stated that no black man could ever beat him. However Louis knocked out Schmeling in 2 minutes, which quieted the germans, and gained much needed racial pride. "The Fight of the Century: Louis vs. Schmeling." NPR.ORG. N.p., 25 Nov. 2006. Web. 6 Mar. 2014. -
First African American Major League Basball Player
The first African American Major League Baseball Player was Jackie Robinson, who signed with the Dodgers. The sport was very discriminate and there was a lot of resistance. After the barrier was broken, more and more blacks joined the league of baseball. Not just for baseball, but for other sports as well.
Staff, History.com.
"Jackie Robinson." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 201 -
Executive Order 9981
Executive order was given by the president Harry Truman. The order put an end to racial segregation in the army. Before blacks could fight, but only in full black companies. "Executive Order 9981." Encyclopedia Britannica. N.p., n.d. Web. -
Brown V Board of Education Decision
The Supreme Court decision ended educational segregation, and of course the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson. Seperate but equal was wildly untrue, as many black schools were severly underfunded and without many resources. The court found seperate but equal and found them "inherently unequal". This decision sparked the civil rights movement has more and more progess was being made.
Staff, History.com. "Brown v. Board of Education." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. -
Murder of Emmett Till
Emmett Till came to Money, Alabama to vist relatives. One day, he whistled at a white lady, a major offense down south. The husband and his half brother saw it, and kidnapped him in the middle of the night. They beat him brutally, and then shot him. His mangled body was then thrown into a river. Both men were aquitted.
“The death of Emmett Till,” The History Channel website, 2014, http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-death-of-emmett-till [accessed Feb 20, 2014]. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks was arrested on December 1st for not giving up her seat to white man. This snowballed and led to a 381 day bus boycott in Montgomery ,Alabama. It wasn't until June 4, 1956 that they ruled segregation of seating unconstitutional. -
March on Washington
The March on Washington was a humongous gaterhing over 200,000 people at the Lincoln Memorial. There, they rallied for equal Jobs and freedom. The most memorable moment being when Martin Luther King made his infamous "I Have A Dream" speech.
Staff, History.com. "March on Washington." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 2014. -
Civil Rights Act
This is the culmination of the civil rights movement. John F. Kennedy caimpaigned for civil rights, and many blacks voted and believed in him. However after his assassinatin, Lyndon Johnson was president. Lyndon was left, and he had to push the civil rights act, the largest reaching act in history. The act passed, and on July 2, Lyndon, and 75 others signed it.
"Civil Rights Act." History.com. A+E Networks, n.d. Web. 74 others signed it, including Martin Luther King.
