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The development of agriculture that led to the domestication of animals, job specialization and the forming of civilizations. SPICE Interaction: Cultural innovation of agriculture and farming
Picture: https://libcom.org/blog/climate-class-neolithic-revolution-09062014 -
The Yangshao culture was a Neolithic culture that existed along the Yellow River in China. SPICE Interaction: Cultural use pottery and agriculture in the Yangshao culture
Picture: https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jiangzhai_settlement_model,_Yangshao_culture,_Lintong,_Shaanxi.jpg -
Archaic cultures are the ancient cultures of North or South America that developed from Paleo-Indian traditions and led to the adoption of agriculture. SPICE Interaction: Cultural traditions that led to agriculture development
Picture: http://ayushchokshi2001.weebly.com/archaic.html -
Known as modern day southern Iraq, Sumer was the earliest known civilization in the region of southern Mesopotamia along the valleys of Tigris and Euphrates best know for its early cuneiform script writing and the alphabet. SPICE Interaction: Innovation in language and writing
Picture: https://www.coladaweb.com/historia/mesopotamia/economia-e-sociedade-mesopotamica -
Hieroglyphics are the ancient Egyptian written language made up of pictographs, they were first used by priests to tell stories of pharaohs and gods. SPICE Interaction: Social development of a written language
Picture: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/next/ancient/for-the-first-time-youll-be-able-to-read-ancient-egyptian-literature-in-english/ -
Megaliths were widely used by prehistoric civilizations to build monuments, burial places, and sanctuaries. SPICE Interaction: Cultural representation of burial sites and monumental sites.
Picture: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Megalithic_grave_Harhoog_in_Keitum,_Sylt,_Germany.jpg -
The Code of Hammurabi was one of the earliest and most complete written legal codes, proclaimed by the Babylonian king Hammurabi, who reigned from 1792 to 1750 B.C. SPICE Interaction: Political
Picture: https://jisforjourney.com/2017/06/02/19-the-code-of-hammurabi/amp/ -
Travelers brought with them plants and animals such as, taro,`uala (sweet potato), wauke, chickens, pigs and dogs. SPICE Interaction: Cultural migrations of agriculture from other places
Picture: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesian_navigation -
The establishment of regular trade routes was followed by the development of various monetary systems in the Western Sudan, the trans-Saharan trade brought the Sudanic states and their access to gold to the attention of the world. SPICE Interaction: Cultural and Political?
Picture: http://hollowworld.co.uk/threads/the-ramlah-caravan.35472/ -
The T’ang dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, often regarded as a high point in Chinese civilization. SPICE Interaction: Political and Cultural
Picture: http://www.art-virtue.com/painting/history/tang/tang.htm -
The Persian Wars were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire of Persia and Greek city-states. SPICE Interaction: Politcial fued for territory
Picture: http://www.mentedigitale.org/la-battaglia-delle-termopili/battaglia-delle-termopili/ -
Saint Benedict was an Italian monk who founded the Benedictine monastery and was the father of Western monasticism; the rule that he established became the norm for monastic living. SPICE Interaction: Cultural (Religious spread)
Picture: https://www.crossroadsinitiative.com/media/articles/st-benedict-of-nursia-co-patron-of-europe/ -
The Peloponnesian War fought between the two leading city-states in ancient Greece, Athens and Sparta, causing the decline of Greece. SPICE Interaction: Political
Picture: https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/peloponnesian-war -
The Mauryan Empire has extensive power during the Iron Age because of Chandragupta, the founder of the Mauryan dynasty. SPICE Interaction: Political empire
Picture: https://www.ancient.eu/image/2125/ -
The Gupta Dynasty is known for its achievements in the arts, architecture, sciences, religion, and philosophy. Chandragupta I started a rapid expansion of the Gupta Empire and soon established himself as the first sovereign ruler of the empire. SPICE Interaction: Politcial and Social?
Picture: http://hannahdavidcarson.weebly.com/government.html -
The Maya civilization is a classical civilization in Mesoamerica oiginating in the Yucatán, now modern day southern Mexico. The Mayans were best know for their development of Maya script. SPICE Interaction: Social and cultural developments in communication
Picture: http://www.marc.ucsb.edu/research/maya/ancient-maya-civilization -
Ashoka promoted Buddhist expansion by sending monks to surrounding territories to share the teachings of the Buddha. A wave of conversion began, and Buddhism spread not only through India, but also internationally.
SPICE Interaction: Cultural spread of Buddhist Religion
Picture: https://www.thebuddhistsociety.org/page/the-spread-of-buddhism -
Also called Carthaginian Wars, the Three Punic Wars were a series of three wars between the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian (Punic) empire, resulting in the destruction of Carthage, the enslavement of its population, and Roman control over the western Mediterranean. SPICE Interaction: Political
Picture: https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/punic-wars -
The beginning of the Great Wall starts when fortifications built by various states during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods were connected by the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, to protect his newly founded Qin dynasty. SPICE Interaction: Political
Picture: http://www.china-mike.com/china-tourist-attractions/great-wall-china/construction-history/ -
Marcus Aurelius was ruling jointly with Lucius Verus until Verus' death in 169 and jointly with his son, Commodus, from 177. He was the last of the so-called Five Good Emperors. SPICE Imteraction: Political Ruler
Picture: http://mathisencorollary.blogspot.com/2014/07/commodus-and-marcus-aurelius.html?m=1 -
The rise of the Kingdom of Axum can be credited to the control of the Kushite trade. SPICE: Political?
Picture: http://solarey.net/aksum-ancient-city-with-obelisks-tombs-in-ethiopia-africa/amp/ -
Moche is an Andean civilization that flourished on the northern coast of what is now Peru. The name is taken from the great site of Moche, in the river valley of the same name, which had been the capital or chief city of the Moche peoples. SPICE Interaction: Cultural civlization
Picture: https://www.google.com/amp/www.messagetoeagle.com/unveiling-enigma-perus-mochica-culture/amp/?source=images -
The Olmec civilization, peaked in Pre-Classical Mesoamerica and is considered the top of Mesoamerican cultures including the Maya and Aztecs. SPICE Interaction: Cultural civilization of the Olmec people
Picture: https://www.thoughtco.com/olmec-culture-overview-2136299 -
Silla was a kingdom located in southern parts of Korea. Silla, along with Baekje and Goguryeo, formed the Three Kingdoms of Korea. SPICE Interaction: Political and Social kingdom
Picture: https://daintyc.wordpress.com/tag/silla-dynasty/ -
The Abbasid dynasty was the second of the two great dynasties of the Muslim empire of the caliphate. It overthrew the Umayyad caliphate amd reigned until it was destroyed by the Mongol invasion. SPICE Interaction: Political and Social (Dynasty)
Picture: https://about-history.com/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-abbasid-dynasty/ -
Charlemagne (Charles the Great) was king of the Franks and Christian emperor of the West. He did a lot to shape and character of medieval Europe and presided over the Carolingian Renaissance. SPICE Interaction: Political and Social reign of a king
Picture: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-holy-roman-empire-a-thousand-years-of-europes-history-by-peter-h-wilson-dmjmlpt3g07 -
The Toltec civilization flourished in ancient central Mexico continuing the Mesoamerican heritage left to them by the earlier Olmec, Teotihuacan, Maya and others. SPICE Interaction: Social and Cultural
Picture: http://historum.com/american-history/55689-did-mayan-toltecs-mexico-have-northern-colony-far-north-arizona.html -
Vietnam has had to fight for its independence a few times across history. The Tang dynasty first fell into war as various factions broke out and tried to seize the government. SPICE Interaction: Political war to gain independence
Picture: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Vietnam -
The French were known as the Iroquois League, and later as the Iroquois Confederacy, and to the English as the Five Nations, and later as the Six Nations, comprising the Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora peoples.
SPICE Interaction: Politcial Confederation
Picture: http://forum.game-labs.net/profile/22882-iroquois-confederacy/ -
The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims started primarily to secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups. SPICE Interaction: Cultural (Religious Wars)
Picture: http://www.ancient-origins.net/history-important-events/why-crusades-were-not-clash-civilizations-009142 -
After the downfall of the Northern Song Dynasty, Lin'an was officially established as the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, with Zhao Gou as its first emperor. SPICE Interaction: Political (Dynasty)
Picture: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-worldhistory/chapter/the-song-dynasty/ -
The fall of Baghdad signaled the end of the Abbasid Caliphate. It was also the high point of Mongol conquest in the Middle East. SPICE Interaction: Political seize of city of Baghdad
Picture: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Baghdad_(1258) -
The Colombian Exchange was when Europeans traversed the Atlantic, and brought with them plants, animals, and diseases that changed lives and landscapes on both sides of the ocean. SPICE Interaction: Cultural innovations and social changes
Picture: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/alfred-w-crosby-on-the-columbian-exchange-98116477/ -
Francisco Pizarro was a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that conquered the Inca Empire. He captured and killed Incan emperor Atahualpa, and claimed the lands for Spain. SPICE: Political conquering of a foreign land
Picture: https://www.lifepersona.com/pizarro-s-travels-in-the-conquest-of-peru -
Hideyoshi finished what Nobunaga began and defeated opposing Daimyo, thus unifying Japan. SPICE: Political unification of Japan
Picture: https://www.thoughtco.com/toyotomi-hideyoshi-195660 -
The Thirty Years’ War was a series of wars fought by various nations for various reasons, including religious, dynastic, territorial, and commercial rivalries. SPICE: Politicial
Picture: https://www.tes.com/lessons/qvzPU3FH4rnqJQ/30-years-war -
The shipwreck of the Dutch ship Nieuwe Haarlem began the settlement of the Dutch in South Africa. The shipwreck victims built a small fort named Sand Fort of the Cape of Good Hope. SPICE: Social and Political settlement in foreign land
Picture: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Cape_Colony -
One last of the great Mughal emperors. Under him the Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent, although his policies helped lead to its decline. SPICE: Political ruler
Picture: http://www.historydiscussion.net/biography/aurangzeb-life-policy-and-his-rules/3060 -
The Great Northern War was a conflict in which a battle led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully defeated the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. SPICE: Politcial Warfare
Picture: https://www.quora.com/What-was-the-Great-Northern-War-about-and-which-side-won -
The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that resulted in the American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies winning independence from Great Britain, becoming the United States of America. SPICE: Political separation of a colony to its own state.
Picture: http://fatcatart.com/2015/02/unexpected_journey/?lang=en -
Often referred to as the founder of modern Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pasha was an Ottoman Turkish military leader who ruled Egypt and gained lots of military power that he was able to threaten the rule of the Ottoman Sultan himself. SPICE: Poltical Ruler
Picture: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ModernEgypt,_Muhammad_Ali_by_Auguste_Couder,_BAP_17996.jpg -
The treaty that ended the first Opium War, the first treaty between China and foreign imperialist powers. SPICE: Political treaty to end a war
Picture: https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/opium_wars_01/ow1_essay04.html -
The Meiji Restoration was a turning point in Japanese history, it was when the Shoguns decided to end their dividedness and form coherent policies to interact with the Westerners. SPICE: Political restoration of Japanese government
Picture: https://ageofrevolutions.com/2018/01/08/informing-meiji-2-revolutions-in-19th-century-japan/ -
After construction was completed and the Panama Canal officially opened for traffic from around the world with the passage of the S.S. Ancon cargo ship. SPICE: Politcal and social global interactions
Picture: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Ancon_(1901) -
The Treaty of Versailles is a peace document that was signed at the end of World War I by the Allied and associated powers and by Germany in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles, France. SPICE: Political global interactions to end a war
Picture: https://www.gilderlehrman.org/content/treaty-versailles-and-president-wilson-1919-and-1921 -
Joseph Stalin was the secretary of the Communist Party and became the successor to Lenin. SPICE: Political leader
Picture: https://lidenz.ru/killed-stalin/ -
The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. SPICE: Politcial attack
Picture: https://www.historyonthenet.com/who-attacked-pearl-harbor-and-why/ -
The Cuban Missile Crisis was when paraders leaders of the U.S. and the Soviet Union engaged in a tense, 13-day political and military standoff. SPICE: Political war
Picture: https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/cuban-missile-crisis -
Gorbachev was elected as the first executive President of the Soviet Union with 59% of the Deputies' votes. He was the sole candidate on the ballot. SPICE: Politcial presidency
Picture: https://www.google.com/amp/amp.timeinc.net/time/4343154/mikhail-gorbachev-the-new-russia?source=images -
Terrorists associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda hijacked four airplanes and carried out suicide attacks in the United States. Two of the planes were flown into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City. SPICE: Political attack on the US
Picture: https://www.google.com/amp/amp.timeinc.net/time/3449480/911-the-photographs-that-moved-them-most/%3Fsource%3Ddam?source=images
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