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In the 1960s, American computer scientist Donald Bitzer led a team of researchers at the University of Illinois in developing the first computerized training program called PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations). This system revolutionized the concept of computer-based learning (Etherington, 2017). -
In the 1980s, Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) became more widespread, and educators started developing multimedia educational materials for students to interact with (Bari et al., 2018). -
ARPANET, developed in 1966 and operational in 1969 as the precursor to the modern internet, played an indirect but significant role in the evolution of online learning (Bari et al., 2018). -
In the 1970s Universities and educational institutions started using PCs to deliver courses and educational materials to learners remotely. -
The Internet became more accessible, and educators developed web-based learning platforms and online courses (Zakon, 1998). -
In 1995, Blackboard was launched. It was one of the first learning management systems (LMS) that enables educators to create and manage online courses. -
In 1999, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) introduced OpenCourseWare a system that provides free online access to course materials. -
In 2000, LMS became popular, providing a central platform for remotely managing and delivering online courses and educational materials (Zapalska &
Patel, 2002). -
In 2002, Moodle, an open-source learning management system, was released, providing educators with a free platform for creating online courses. -
Around the mid-2000s, the term "MOOC" was coined, referring to courses that are accessible to a large number of learners online. -
Learning Platforms incorporate adaptive learning technologies, tailoring content and instruction based on individual student needs. Gamification elements like badges and leaderboards are integrated into online learning experiences to enhance engagement. -
The COVID-19 pandemic forces a rapid shift to remote learning, accelerating the adoption of online learning and technology-enhance teaching methodologies (Hodges et at., 2020).