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Hugo de Groot (Grotius) publishes "De Jure Belli ac Pacis," considered the father of modern international law. -
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Peace of Westphalia in 1648 establishes a new political order based on sovereign States. -
Shift in legal thinking towards positivistic theories, focusing on state practice.
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Expansion and consolidation of international legal rules.
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Congress of Vienna leads to the use of multilateral Conventions and the creation of international organizations. -
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Treaty of Versailles includes a failed attempt to outlaw war, leading to the League of Nations. -
League of Nations established with the aim to prevent a repetition of World War I. -
Attempts to outlaw war through the League's Covenant and Kellogg–Briand Pact. Multilateral Conventions address issues like international waterways, maritime ports, international straits, opium regulation, slavery, and terrorism.
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Multilateral Conventions address issues such as international waterways, maritime ports, international straits, opium regulation, slavery, and terrorism.
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United Nations established with the primary purpose of maintaining international peace and security. -
Expansion of international law into areas such as human rights, international criminal law, international economic law, and international environmental law. Creation of 16 Specialized Agencies within the United Nations.
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The General Assembly establishes the International Law Commission to progress the development and codification of international law. -
Continued development of international law through multilateral treaties and "soft law" instruments. Increasing emphasis on human rights and environmental standards within states.