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Formation of an Independent Italy
Formerly, Italy was under the control of the Austro-Hungarian empire who ended up being defeated with help from the French. The image shown is significant because it demonstrates the land that unified Italy to become independent apart from Rome and Venetia who became part of Italy later. -
Papal States Taken Over by New Nation of Italy
Due to being occupied with the Franco-Prussian War, Napoleon III demanded that his troops left the Italian peninsula allowing for Italians to take over the Papal States. This image is significant since it demonstrates the change and continuity of Italy controlling the Papal States before and after at different time ranges such as 1860 and 1870. -
Failure of First Italo-Ethiopian War With the Battle of Adowa (Adwa)
Due to the perseverance demonstrated by the Ethiopians, it left them as the only African country to never be colonized. They accomplished this by defending the town of Adwa, defeating the Italian army. This image is significant since it shows the failure of the war for the Italians as they're being killed off while the Ethiopians reign victorious. -
Italy Invades and Takes Over Libya
Due to Libya refusing to follow Italy's ultimatum calling for military occupation for the benefit of Italian interests in the country, it had the effect of Italy declaring war. This launched the Italo-Turkish War where reigned victorious and took over the country. This image is significant since it displays the continuity of Italy taking land in Libya over time from 1919 to 1935. -
Mussolini begins work as editor for the Socialist Party newspaper Avanti
Mussolini had his work as a writer recognized from his own newspaper, La Lotti di Classe; allowing him to be appointed as editor for the socialist paper, Avani. This image is significant since it displays the work that Mussolini did in the socialist newspaper, Avani. -
Mussolini kicked out of Socialist Party for pro-nationalistic sentiments regarding WWI
Due to Mussolini's pro-intervention stance on WWI, he was ultimately kicked out of the Socialist Party since he evoked nationalist ideas instead of remaining neutral which was the party's stance. This lead to Mussolini going towards fascism in the future. This image is significant since it announces that he'd been kicked out of the Socialist Party. -
Treaty of London
The Treaty of London was a treaty that was formed secretly between England, France, and Italy to fight off Germany and the Austro-Hungarian empire. This image is significant since it illustrates the territorial gains that were promised to Italy as a result of signing the Treaty of London. -
Biennio Rosso
The Biennio Rosso, also known as the red years, was a revolutionary time of social turmoil in Italy following World War II. Italy experienced a wave of strikes, industrial occupations, and land occupations in 1919, pushing the country's unemployment rate above 2 million. The image is significant since it depicts the strikes and rage of the many Italian workers and laborers during the Red Years. -
Fascio di Combattimento formed in Milan
Fascio di Combattimento, which translates to "Combat League," was a political movement by Mussolini. This picture depicts a hammer and an anvil characterizing the violence the movement utilized. -
D’Annunzio takes Fiume
D'Annunzio and a group of nationalist volunteers seized the city of Fiume and declared Fiume to be an independent state, known as the "Italian Regency of Carnaro,". This picture best embodies the idea as it shows through the united people and a child with a flag in the middle the nationalism and fascism being pushed. -
Mussolini forms alliance with Giolitti
The alliance between Mussolini and Giolitti was based on their shared opposition to socialism and their belief in the need for a strong, centralized government to address Italy's political and economic problems. This picture depicts the two at each other's sides while having fascist leaders trail them in support. -
Mussolini forms the PNF (Fascist Party) and is elected its leader
Several smaller fascist groups merged on the principles of authoritarianism, nationalism, and anti-communism. Mussolini was elected as the party's leader at its founding congress in Naples. This picture best shows the group through propaganda since, it was controlled by Mussolini creating a narrative only supporting fascism. -
March on Rome and Mussolini becomes Prime Minister
The march was largely a show of force, and there was little actual resistance from the government or military.
Later, October 29, 1922, King Victor Emmanuel III invited Mussolini was appointed as Prime Minister of Italy and formed a government. This picture depicts within Italy a cult of personality around Mussolini in the march. -
Acerbo Law passed
The Acerbo Law introduced a system of proportional representation for parliamentary elections, but with a significant twist: any party or coalition that received at least 25% of the vote would automatically receive two-thirds of the seats in the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Italian Parliament. This picture helps depict how they would achieve more representation within election. -
Corfu Incident
In light of an Italian general's assassination while on a diplomatic mission, Mussolini ordered the Italian navy to bomb and occupy the Greek island of Corfu, which was seen as a symbolic act of aggression against Greece. This map helps depict the geography of the area in relation to Italy where the incident took place. -
Matteotti Crisis
The Matteotti Crisis was a political crisis that occurred in Italy in 1924, following the assassination of the socialist politician Giacomo Matteotti. Matteotti denounced the regime's use of violence and fraud to win the 1924 elections. This political cartoon depicts Mussolini as bulky and attacks his cult of personality surrounding him and blames him for the death of Matteotti. -
Aventine Secession
The picture here describes the setting in which the Aventine Secession took place, which was on a hill in Italy named Aventine. The picture shows socialist legislators going to identify Mussolini's body, showing that the socialists were part of the secession which would take place. -
Battle for Grain
The photo of Mussolini standing over a tractor shows his masculinity in the photo, which promoted the social value of agriculture in promoting masculinity and setting roles for men to work in agricultural settings to make the 'battle' more successful. -
Locarno Treaty Signed
The political cartoon here shows the relationships of the countries as they signed the pact of Locarno. It shows that though the treaty was made of peace and respect unlike past treaties. However, the treaty was not perfect as Germany did not accept its eastern borders. -
Battle for Land and Battle for the Lira
This picture shows here how Mussolini had tried to re-value the lira by making it be as valuable as other currencies. The lira was re-valued and had increased its value after the Italian state had stopped printing more of it. -
Battle for Births
This picture here shows how Mussolini promoted childbirth by showing him and his family and set a standard for a successful Italian family, which is striving for greater birth of children, marriage and traditional husband/wife roles. -
Kellog-Briant Treaty Signed
The political cartoon shows that despite the intentions of the Kellog-Briand Treaty, which were to outlaw war so that nations would not fight each other, the treaty itself was unsuccessful as a world war would happen again later in 1939. -
Lateran Treaty
The picture here shows religion and the fascist government working together as in the Lateran treaties the pope was compensated by the government for the loss of Rome while the pope recognized the state of Italia, recognizing and settling the Roman question. -
Stresa Front
The political cartoon shows how Hitler's intentions to re-arm Germany were getting more intense despite France, Britain and Italy's coalition which opposed his intentions. -
Abyssinian Crisis
This photo is significant because it shows the Albanian crisis, and the photo also shows the process of the invasion and illustrates. -
Rome-Berlin Axis Treaty signed
This image is significant because it shows an agreement made between the two nations of Germany and Italy and shows Mussolini shaking hands with Hitler showing an agreement between the two. -
Munich Conference
This picture is significant because it shows the German leader, Adloff Hitler and the Italian leader, Mussolini both together in union during the Munich conference, also Hitler is in the middle showing power because the conference is taking place in his home. -
Italian involvement with Spanish Civil War
This is significant because not only does it show Italy supporting Spain, but it also shows the Italians representing the Trojan horse, this shows that the Italian army is trying to gain territory in Spain by helping them. -
Italy invades Albania
This photo is significant because it shows the Italian black coats on their way through the navy to attack Albania and to invade them after invading. Ethiopia -
Italy enters WWII on side of Germany.
This photo is significant because it shows a paper made about the Italians entering WWII on the side of the Germans and it shows the other nations plans as well for example a quote by Churchill on his plan with the French. -
Mussolini brought down by coup during WWII.
This photo is significant because it shows Mussolini's final moments before getting killed, although this was after he was brought down by the coup during WWII, it shows were he ended by that attempt to bring him down which was successful. -
Mussolini killed
This photo is significant because it is meant to show how the execution of Mussolini was supposed to take place and also shows the other generals and people affiliated with him as well to be executed with him.