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  Shaka Zulu founds and expands the Zulu empire, creates a formidable fighting force.
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  Diamonds discovered at Kimberley.
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  British troops gather on the Transvaal border and ignore an ultimatum to disperse. The second Anglo-Boer War begins.
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  National Party founded.
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  Policy of apartheid (separateness) adopted when National Party (NP) takes power.
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  ANC wins general elections, Thabo Mbeki takes over as president.