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J. von Goethe
German writer and statesman, his writings were very influential on our romantic composers -
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L. Cherubini
Italian composer, wrote French opera: Lodoiska (1791), on founding faculty of Paris Conservatory and became its director -
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Napoleon
A French Military Dictator who conquered much of Europe -
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Beethoven
transitional from classical to romantic style. He composed 9 symphonies, 1 bad opera, piano music, Lieder, and chamber music. He was a Virtuoso pianist. He was hard of hearing. -
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C. von Weber
Composed the first German Romantic opera "Der Freischutz" -
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G. Meyerbeer
Jewish German composer who studied in Italy and composed French opera in Pairs -
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G. Rossini
Most important opera composer in early 19th century and the most famous composer in Europe in the early 19th century
continued Mozart's operatic style -
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F. Schubert
Composed in all genres, over 600 Lieder -
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H. Berlioz
One of the most important early innovators of new orchestration and genres, he wrote a treatise on orchestration, one of the first conductors to stand in front of the orchestra and conduct -
Fidelio
Beethoven's only opera -
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Fanny Mendelssohn
Older sister of Felix, they died the same year. She was a child prodigy. Used F. Mendelssohn because if she published under her name it could bring shame to the family -
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Felix Mendelssohn
Brother of Fanny. He revived J.S. Bach's music -
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Romantic style
More minor keys, Larger orchestras and choirs, longer pieces, more percussion and brass, Phrasing less symmetrical and more expansive, ascending 6ths favored in melodies.
New genres: Character pieces and Tone poems -
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R. Schumann
Important as an editor and promoter of music -
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F. Chopin
Pianist and Composer, found great success in the salons -
Period: to
War of 1812
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R. Wagner
He changed opera, harmony, and music in general.
Music Dramas
Leitmotiv: a short motif assigned to a person, place, or thing -
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G. Verdi
The most important Italian composer in the mid to late 19th century. He was primarily an opera composer. Very famous -
The Ophicleide
a keyed brass instrument with a range similar to a trombone, patented by Jean Hilaire Aste. Has a family of different sizes. -
The Carlsbad Decrees of 1819
the decrees placed limits on freedom of expression by individuals -
Period: to
C. Schumann (Wieck)
Virtuoso pianist, composer, wife of Robert Schumann -
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J. Offenbach
known for his operettas like La belle Helene, and Orphee aux enfers -
Royal Academy of Music
London opened its music school -
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B. Smetana
Bohemian, he's best known for his programmatic cycle of 6 symphonic poems called Ma Vlast. He is considered the founder of Czech music, pianist and child prodigy. in 1874 was completely deaf -
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S. Foster
first American to make a living as a professional songwriter, but died a broke alcoholic. -
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J. Brahms
young composer, German romantic composer, continued classical traditions. He was one of the first editors of J. S. Bach's music, he favored absolute music -
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G. Bizet
He blended styles into opera comique with Carmen (1875) -
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P. Tchaikosky's
Trained musically in the west, composed 8 operas, 7 symphonies, piano concertos, and many more
Ballets:
Swan Lake (1877)
The Sleeping Beauty (1890)
The Nutcracker (1892) -
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A. Dvorak
from Bohemia, Czechoslovakian nationalist composer. Wrote many symphonies. -
The New York Philharmonic
founded in 1842 -
Period: to
G. Puccini
The most important Italian composer after Verdi. Wrote some of the last great operas written in Italian tradition of Bel Canto -
Period: to
G. Mahler
Bridged the Austro-German romantic traditions of composing with the new modern styles of composing
Some of his music is suspected to have been destroyed in the bombing of Dresden
Maximalist -
Period: to
American Civil War
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Phonograph
invention of the Phonograph -
M. Baryshnikov
One of the most famous Russian ballet dancers of recent times