Things to Have Down Cold for the AP Test

Jamestown

May 14, 1607

FIRST PERMANANT ENGLISH ESTABLISHMENT IN AMERICA Established by the Virginia Company of London. Located right off of the James river, it was a smart move.
TOBACCO: Introduced to Europe by Spanish. John Rolfe planted seeds. Economy BOOMS. Soil gets tired. They started seeking new ways of labor.
HEADRIGHT SYSTEM: People of Virgina given 100 acres of land. New settlers payed for one headright. Families started moving in. Lead to INDENTURED SERVANTS (had to give 7 years slavery. LAND= POWER

Mercantilism/ Salutary Neglect

Sep 18, 1627

USED BY BRITISH SCALE THEORY -> Export more than you Import. Triangular trade. Navigation Acts
IN BRITISH COLONIES: promoted free market. It inhibited banking and making paper money. PUT RESTRICTION ON MANUFACTURING AND TRADE. SALUTARY NEGLECT: English gov. didn't use trade laws to help colonial economy. It ensured loyalty of colonists with French territorial threat in N.A. Helped British victory in FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR.

Pilgrims/Puritans

Mar 25, 1630

CITY ON A HILL:John Winthrop encouraged the ships traveling with thousands of Puritans to Massachusets.
RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE: Only wanted religious freedom for themselves. Attacked Pequot Indians. John Cotton lead Puritan sermans. ROGER WILLIAMS DISAGREES AND CREATES PROVIDENCE.
WORK ETHIC:Lived a "God centered life". Wanted to interact with the world rather than work.
MAYFLOWER COMPACT: Writeen by people of Mayflower. Self goverment. Pilgrims landed in Cape cod. Showed sovereignty of James 1

Pilgrims/Puritans (cont..)

Mar 25, 1630

HALFWAY COVENANT: Rights to participate in some church affairs given to children of Puritan church members. These children have not reached salvation yet.

Bacon's Rebellion

Aug 14, 1676

NATHANIEL BACON: VA frontiersmen wanted land that Native's were already on. He demanded help from gov. Jamestown said no, so Bacon attacked it.
SLAVERY: Tobacco= need for cheap labor. INDENTURED SERVANTS come back. They joined the rebellion.

Great Awakening

Jul 23, 1730

Sudden outbreak of religious fervor that swept through colonies. Mormons, Prestbitrians, Puritans, Baptists
Rise of colleges -> Harvard, Yale SPLIT CHURCHES APART: Quakers were splitting people apart. People wanted their own religion.. so one couldn't be the main religion/ church. "movtivation behind the war"

French and Indian War Effects

Jul 10, 1754

SUCCESS FOR BRITAIN: Large territorial claims. Colonists learn to unite.
BAD FOR BRITAIN: debt. Gov. mad at colonists for not helping, want power to stay in London = American Rev.
PROCLAMATION 1763: Colonists couldn't settle west of Appalachian Mountains. Indians fight back with Pontiac War. Britain makes taxes to pay.
ACTS: Sugar, Currency, stamp, Quartering, Declaratory, Townsend
STAMP ACT: Violated Americans liberties.

Laissez Faire Economicshttp://study.com/academy/lesson/laissez-faire-economics-definition-examples.html

Period: Feb 17, 1756 to Aug 14, 1778

HAND OFF business, helps guid business for better profit
Restrictions on tariffs and monopolies
Resulted in chaos of Articles of COnfederation
Started in Great BRitain under Adam SMith

Revolutionary War

Apr 21, 1775

BRITAIN vs. 13 COLONIES CAUSE: Americans resistance to taxes and Parliamentary acts. BOSTON TEA PARTY-> Britain closes Bostons port. = Colonies form Continental Congress + establish committees to rebel = Olive Branch Petition - Letter from colonists to King George III stating last attempt by North America to avoid war. TREATY OF PARIS: Ended it. Britain negotiated and ceded all NAtive territroy between appalachian nd mississippi.

Declaration of Independence

Jul 4, 1776

WRITTEN BY: Second Continental Congress, Jefferson, Adams,
WHY: Stated that 13 colonies (who were currently under rule of Great Britain), would declare themselves independently sovereign states. They would form the USA.
CONTENTS: Preamble
RESULTS: Emancipation of black slaves. Bill of Rights. Constituion.

Articles of Confederation

Mar 1, 1781

WHAT: First American constitution. Established U.S as a loose confederation under weak national Congress. Not granted power to regulate commerce or collect taxes.
WEAK CENTRAL GOV: Too weak to enforce laws and had no power. Had to borrow money to fight Rev. War and couldn't pay it back.
SHAYS REBELLION: Unfair taxes in MA = farms foreclosed. Shay gathers 1200 men and attacks courts in west MA. Put down by state militia. Called for ARTICLES REVISION. fear of rebellion spreading to other states.

Articles of Confederation (Cont..)

Mar 1, 1781

FLAWS: No commerce regulation. NOT A SATISFACTORY CENTRALIZED GOV.
Couldn't regulate domestic/ foreign trade SOLVED BY CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

British Violating Treaty of Paris

Dec 3, 1783

• Did not give up control of Great Lakes Region (Detroit).
• Used influence of Native Americans to destabilize region.
• Argued that AMericands failed to live up to bargain to compensate Loyalists for confiscated property.
• DIdnt give up force along Ohio River -\

Land Ordinance of 1785; Land Ordinance of 1787

May 20, 1785

1785; divided U.S into system of townships to facilitate sale of land to settlers and raise money. To pay off national debt.
1787: passed under articles of confederation. Set up gov. in region north of Ohio River. IF territory reached pop of 60,000 or more, they could APPLY FOR STATEHOOD. Prohibited enslvament of anyone born in territory. CARRIED OVER INTO DRAFTING OF CONSTITUTION.

Constitution

Sep 17, 1787

STRENGTHEN GOV: Federal taxes, Raised national army. Distribution of power -> Checks and Balances, National gov more powerful than states.
RATIFICATION FIGHT: 9?13 stated had to ratify in order to become law. DIVIDED US INTO FEDERALISTS( supported const) AND ANTIFEDERALISTS.
AMMENDMENTS: Bill of Rights, 13th Amm = no more slavery. 14th Amm = Rights of Citinship. 15th Amm = Voting for all races

Deism

Sep 9, 1790

BELIEF: God created the universe, but withdrew from the development of humans.
WHY: People started rejecting predestination. Leads to SECOND GREAT AWAKENING. "Religion of ENLIGHTENMENT"

Hamilton economic Policies (cont...)

Jan 8, 1791

JEFFERSON REACTION: didn't like it because it didnt help the agrarian lifestlyle. he thought his society would be doomed. argued that the constitution did not allow a national bank
GROWTH OF POLITICAL PARTIES: federalists vs. anti-federalists. Hamilton (republicans). BOTH JEFFERSON AND HAMILTON REPRESENTED PUBLIC OPINION. Washington remained neutral. democratic-republicans= loyaltoy to french federalists= good relationship with britain

Hamilton Economic Poilicies

Jan 16, 1791

FUNDING AND ASSUMPTION:federal government took over states' debts. exchange ner gov securities for old at face value. = Growth in Treasury
TARIFFS: tariff act of 1789. Protective tariffs. ZTariff of 1824. Tariff of 1828= TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS. NULIFICATION CRISIS (tariff of 1832)
BANK OF US:national bank. necassary to stabilize and improve nations credit. McCulloh v. Maryland (1819)

Bill of Rights

Dec 15, 1791

PURPOSE: consists of first 10 constitutional amendments. Guarantee certain rights to U.S citizems i nall circumstances. Put forth by ANTI_FEDERALIST-> feared forms of gov intrusion on ersonal liberties
TIMING: federalists v.s antifederalists. no centralized goverment. needed an overlying rule. entertained ideas of both sides.

Founding Fathers attitude toward political parties

Aug 20, 1792

"Factions dangerous to public interest"
Politics are supposed to be collaborative, not competitive.
FOUNDERS WERE REPUBLICANS = common good of people
Search for common good lost in parties.
Washington= didnt like it
Jefferson= loved it

Eli Whitney

Mar 14, 1793

COTTON GIN IMPACT: COTTON LEADING CRTOP. "Cotton is King".
spread of slavery in south, south carolina, georgia
INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS: used to reasemble muskets. allowed workers to produce a lot of weapons quickly and cheaply. made production faster. gave America a better stance in war.

Washingtons Neutrality Proclamation

Apr 22, 1793

U.S would not take sides after French Rev decleared war b/w France and England.
Violation of Franco-American Treaty of 1778
REASON: new nation of america had military force too small to fight britain or france.

Washingtons Farewell Adress

Sep 19, 1796

32- page handwritten address
Urged Americans to avoid poitical partyies.
Warned against long-term alliances with other nations
patriotism

Alien and Sedition Act (Cont...)

Jun 18, 1798

KENTUCKY AND VIRGINIA RESOLVES: Put into practice by Jefferson and Madison. Secretely made to get rights back that were taken by A+S acts.
= eventually gives states more power than federal gov. =

Alien and Sedition Act

Jun 18, 1798

-4 laws
PASSED BY: Federalist COngress
SIGNED BY: President Adams
Naturalizatio act: increased waiting perdiod for immigrant to be come citizen
Alian Act: empowered president to arrest and deport dangerous immigrants
Alien Enemy Act: allowed the arrest and deprotation of citizens of countries at war with US
Sedition Act: illegal to publish defamotry statements about federal gov or its officials FIRST 3 OUTLAWED BY XYZ AFFAIR

Southern and Eastern European Immigrants

Jul 13, 1800

Ireland, Germany, Europe.
Young and unskilled
Immigration Act of 1924= quotas
WHY: jobs, farming opportunites, new start, free leand, gold rush
Experienced prejudice
Mining boom in west= gold rush
romanticizing of west

Election of 1800

Oct 31, 1800

(REVOLUTION OF 1800)
Jefferson and Burr TIE IN NUMBER OF ELECTORAL VOTES
HAMILTON SUPPORTS JEFFERSON SIGNIFICANCE: political power was shifted b/w parties, peacefully. Cause FURTHER CONFLICT b/w Burr + Hamilton

Louisiana Purchase

Apr 30, 1802

U.S buys Louisiana Territory FROM FRANCINE for 15 Million.
Secured American control of the Mississippi river and doubled size of nation. WHY JEFFERSON WANTED IT: wanted to secure trading routes for US. He feared that france would impose harsh taxes on america. WANTED TO EXPAND AGRARIAN LIFESTYLE

Marbury vs. Madison

Feb 24, 1803

Chief Justice JOHN MARSHALL -> asserted right of of Supreme Court to determine meaning of Constitution. DECISION: established court's power of juicial review over acts of Congress,(judiciary Act)

War of 1812

Jun 11, 1812

U.S vs. GREAT BRITAIN
ANDREW JACKSON: sezied FL
TREATY OF GHENT: restored normality and made U.S give back FL. CAUSES: american outrage over impressment of American sailors by British. British seized american ships. British aid of Indians when they attacked americans on western frontier.
BENEFIT OF U.S: could seize British northwest posts + annex FL from spain.
WAR HAWKS: (led by Clay and Calhoun) wanted war w/ congress.

Hartford Convention

Dec 15, 1814

WHO: meeting of New England Federaists
WHERE: Hartford, Connecticut
WHY: opposed war of 1812 and held voncention to complain to Washington and tell him how wrong the war was. example of Sectionalism
approaching end of federalists party WHAT THEY WANTED: to remove 3/5 compromise. They didnt like the Louisiana PUrchase. Jacksons Victory in NEw Orleans killed federalist party

Compromise of 1820/Mo. Compromise

Apr 2, 1820

PURPOSE: Missouri wanted to join union as SLAVE STATE.
Main= free state
Mo= Slave state
TERMS: James Monroe, Jeffeon
HOW IT CHANGED MAP: congress made line across southern border of Missouri. All states above line are free states. 36 30.
SIGNIFICANCE: talked about slavery and sectional blance. Wouldnt last for long.
KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT: Ended it. established popular seovereignty.
DRED SCOTT: declared Missour COmpromise Unconstitutional.

Cult of Domesticity http://study.com/academy/lesson/cult-of-domesticity-definition-significance.html

Period: Dec 19, 1820 to Dec 20, 1900

Glorified customary function of the HOMEMAKER.
KEPT MARRIED WOMAN WORKING IN THE HOME INTENTIONS: thoiugh it would elavate status of woman. Made role of wife and mother more important.

American system/ Clay-Whig policies

May 17, 1821

AMERICAN SYSTEM: to protect Western Hemisphere. Internal Improvements. Henry Clay.
-strong banking system
-protective tariff
-transportation network CANAL BUILDING EFFECTS: Erie Canal- ohio, indiana, illinois. indsutrial companies. CONNECTING OHIO AND MISSISSIPPI. GREAT LAKES.

Monroe Doctrine

Dec 2, 1823

REASONS: Britain and U.S scared of European colonial expansion in Americas.
PHILOSOPHY: 1. European influence should be removed from north America. Wanted to be focused on westward expansion. 2. U.S could mold countries in west to support the interest.
DEVELOPMENT: James Monroe first stated int at State of Union Adress.
ROOSEVELT COROLLARY: 1933, interpreted in terms of Organization of American States. Asserted right of U.S to intervene in Latin AMerica. To stop spread of European influence

Tariff of Abominations/ Nullification Crisis

May 19, 1828

WHAT:Abo- raised tariff on imported manufactured goods. Protectected north, harmed south.
Null- said abominations tariff was unconstitutional and null/void.
CALHOUN: South Carolina. Wrote "exposition and PRotes" . invoked nullification.
EFFECTS ON LATER SECESSION: seperation from alliance/ federation
JACKSON"S REACTION: threatened to send troopts to any state wanting to nullify federal wlaws. DIRECTED TO CALHOUN

Andrew Jackson http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/andrew-jackson

Period: Mar 15, 1829 to Oct 14, 1837

INDIAN POLICY: Indian Removal Act- He could negotiate land exchange treateies wieh tribes east of Miss. River. Emiggration of thousands of indians to West. = Trail of Tears- forced movement of natives west. Indian removal act.
EXPANSION OF SUFFRAGE: Womans suffrage- Stanton and ANthony. = 19th amm. WHite males could vote. Amm. Education.
BANK OF US: Second Bank. taxes, provide loans. Paper money. stockholders, Biddle
PET BANKS: he placed federal deposits to DESTROY NATIONAL BANK

Lowell System

Sep 10, 1830

Employed young woman from NEW ENGLAND
took them out of farms and put them in FACTORES
"mill girls"
INVENTIONS: spinning jenny, spinning mule, water frame ENDED WITH STRIKES BECAUSE OF LOW PAY RESULT: Rhode Island System-> Samuel Slater

Transcendentalism

Sep 8, 1836

EMERSON
people have communication and nature
NO NEED FOR CHURCHES
SIGNIFICQANCE: Individualism, emotion
MAJOR WRITERS
EUROPEAN IDEALISM AND ROMANTICISM

Irish Immigration

Oct 17, 1840

POTATO FAMINE- Irelands main food source
They didnt have a lot of money-> stayed in port cities.
PROTESTANTS: didn't like them. thought irish wanted catholasicm to take over.
WORK: servants, , construction workers. factories. slowly moved up social ladder.
KNOW NOTHING (NATAVIST PARTY: developed from Star-Spangeld Banner. Wanted restrictions in immigration and laws that deported "aliens". DIDNT LIKE CATHOLICS (IRISH) leader- WIlliam Poole

Mexico

Dec 4, 1844

ELECTION OF 1844: Henry Clay (whig) vs. James Polk (democrat)
CLAY; wanted annexation, POLK: wanted to expand by adding texas and Oregon POLK WINS
WHIG POLICY: supported gov programs, and public schools. They wanted internal improvements. DIDNT LIKE DEMOCRATS. Wanted tariffs, and abolition. Calhoun, WON LOG CABIN CAMPAIN. WANTED CLAY FOR PRESIDENT.

Manifest Destiny

Dec 29, 1845

WHIG POLICY: OPPOSED IT. wanted to unite everyone. DID NOT want war with Mexico! Thought U.S wasn't strong enough to expand. Didn't want political power to decrease.
DEMOCRATIC POLICIES: EMBRACED IT. Polk.Oregon Territry, Mexico.

Treaty of Guadalupe- Hidalgo

Feb 2, 1848

ENDED MEXICAN- AMERICAN WAR- MExico wantd negotiation.
Mexico gives TEXAS for 15 mill
GENERAL WINFIELD SCOTT: RIo Grande, Texas

Seneca Falls Convention

Jul 19, 1848

WOMAN SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT.
Declaration o Sentiments- equality. list of grievances
-Secret societies
-wanted education
STANTON AND ANTHONY: abolitionists. Stanton= writing. Anthony= business. "Revolution". National Woamn Suffrage Association. Traveled to promote woamns rights.

Compromise of 1850

Jan 29, 1850

-Slave Trade in D.C is banned.
-Splits up Texas
-FREE SOIL PARTY
-SIngned by Fillmore
-North wanted to help the union CALIFORNIA: admitted as FREE STATE. Gold Rush.
FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT: Slaves escaping through UNDERGROUND RAILROAD. Not liked by North. -Crime to help runaway slaved. -JUDGES PAYED EXTRA.
-Personal Liberty Law
-Fredrick DOugals
-Dredd Scott- Brought to supree court. Denied freedom.

Emerson, Cooper & other 19th century authors

Mar 20, 1852

Edgar Allen Poe: American Romantic Movement
Henry David Thoreau: american transcendantalist. Walden. refused to pay toll-tax.
Harriet Beecher Stowe: wrote UNCLE TOMS CABIN -> pushed people to be anti slavery.
EMERSON: "the transcendentalists" told people they were trapped by custom and normality
COOPER: "letherstocking tales" COMMON SENSE: Thomas Paine

Popular Sovereignty

May 30, 1854

PEOPLE OF TERRITORY COULD DECIDE WHETHER THEY WANTED SLAVERY.
-Opposed by Northern abolitionists
-Kansas-Nebraska Act (Stephen Douglas)
"Bleeding Kansas"
1. What would happen to slaves?
2. How to regulate voting?
CLAY=COMPROMISE OF 1850
KANSAS had final vote.
PUSH TO CIVIL WAR

Dred Scott Case

Mar 6, 1857

CONSTITUTIONALITY OF MISSOURI COMPROMISE: Said Minnesota was free. This is where Scott lived. CALLED UNCTONSTITUTIONAL BECAUSE IT VIOLATED 5th AMM.
SUPREME COURT; questioned his freedom. Said that black people were not part of citinzenship, so they didn't have a voice in the court.
REACTION IN NORTH: DID NOT AGREE. Called court "southern fire-eaters". LINCOLN said no state could exclude slavrey from Constitution. WROTE ABOUT IT. Richmond ENqirer, Tribune.

Social Darwinsim

Mar 22, 1859

NATURAL SELECTION!= laissez fairee style of economy
"survival of the fittest"
CHarles Darwin's biological theory of evolution
Social Darwinists influneded late 19th century american society
Herbert SPencer- Thed origin of Species
Charles Murray

John Brown

Oct 16, 1859

-abolitionist. Lead slave revolt by taking southern weapons and giving them to slaves. Kansas.
Attacked Pottawatomie Creek.
HARPERS FERRY: hung. Lee found out about his plans, killed him and his men.
REACTION IN NORTH: became a martyr
REACTION IN SOUTH: saw it as treason. wanted to seperate from north.
Leads to civil war.

Civil war (cont...)

Apr 12, 1861

FOREIGN POLICY OF BRITAIN + FRANCE: NO LONGER RELIED ON SOUTH FOR COTTON!
Lincoln Blocks southern ports.
Britain- neutrality
LINCOLN- feared Britain +France siding with south. Launcehs propoganda to show them that union is beter.

Civil War http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/american-civil-war-history

Period: Apr 12, 1861 to May 9, 1865

CAUSES: Missour Compromise, Abolitionsts movements, SLavery, Underground Railroad, Secessionism, Abraham Lincoln, States Rights- federal gov vs. free staes. Whig party dying.

NORTH STRENGTHS: industry, larger army, cnetral gov. trapnsortation, $$, slaves and immigrants in army.
NORTH WEAKNESSES:fighting far from home, weak leaders, democrats didnt support war
SOUTH STRENGHTS: home court, robert lee, unified
SOUTH WEAKNESSES: smaller army, ran out of food
FOREIGN POLICY OF BRITAIN + FRANCE:

Lincoln/Republican Policy on Slavery in 1860

Sep 22, 1862

"the great Emancipator"
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION.
Antebellum debate.
REPUBLICAN POLICY: enactment of free homestead legislation. SECESSION: though it was impractical. WOULD ALLOW EUROPE TO DENY MONROE DOCTRINE.
SOUTH CAROLINA SECEDES

Emancipation Proclomation

Sep 22, 1862

PURPOSE: gave freedom to slaves in south.Wanted to hurt confederacy, hurt its morale.
TERMS: As soon as slave escapd, he became free. Slaves could become part o the army. LOOPHOLE OF ANTI SLVAERY.
OUTRAGED SOUTHERNERS

Post Civil War Southern Society http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/sharecropping

Period: Jan 19, 1863 to Jul 22, 1877

SHARECROPPING: system of work for freedmen emplyoyed in cotton industry. Traded labor for use of a house, and, and other things. Half or more of crop to landlords. BLACK CODES: laws passed by southern states denying ex-slaves complete ivil rights. Intended to force slavery back into plantations to prevent assimulation of african americans.

Transcontinental RR http://www.history.com/topics/inventions/transcontinental-railroad

Period: Mar 20, 1863 to Aug 21, 1869

Linked eastern railroad system with california's rr system
REVOLUTIONIZED TEANSPORTATION IN WEST. Easier to mail goods cheaper. Took land away from natives.
GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES: Pacific RR acts. Land grants of ten alternating section on both sides of every mile of track.
LAND GRANTS: gov bonds.
EFFECT ON INDUSTRY: steam engine, new markets to sell and obstain goods, Building neigborhoods and cities along rr, moved men and equipment during the war,

William Lloyd Garrison

Dec 29, 1865

"The Liberator"
ABOLITIONIST.
Founded American ANti-Slavery Society
Favored North Secession
Traveled.75% readers= black
DID NOT LIKE POLITICs
Burned copu of Constitution
Helped 13th amm.

Growth of the Cities https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRhjqqe750A

Period: Jan 1, 1869 to Nov 23, 1876

IMMIGRANTS!- new and old
industry= factories and jobs for goods
move to urban from rural
MACHINE POLITICS: Tweed Ring- political organization that controls election results by awarding jobs in exchange for votes
SANITATION: suage in streets, Public Health Service U.S Sanitary Commision
STRATIFICATION OF CLASSES:groups layered on top of eachother, Business men on top, immigrants on bottom

Gilded-Age business cycles http://www.encyclopedia.com/history/united-states-and-canada/us-history/gilded-age

Period: Feb 19, 1870 to Jul 15, 1900

STEEL!!= Railroads
Monopoly
Indedependent Industrial enterprises
Trusts
Standard OIl COmpany

Republican Reconstruction

Mar 26, 1876

Terms: Protective Tariffs, Pro- business national bank system, federal aid for railroad develpments, Civil Rights Act, 14th amm. ELECTION OF 1876- Rutherfod B.Hayes only recieved 165 electoral votes. Samuel J. Tilden- 184/185. Hayes wins!?= fraud suspected

Titans of Industry

Jan 10, 1879

John D. Rockefeller- petroleum and RR, Standard Oil Company= monopoly
Andrew Carnegie- Steel 1892.
J.P Morgan- banker who buys Carnegie's steel and renames it U.S steel. Gave $$ for WW1. ROBBER BARON
Cornelius Vanderbilt- railroad and shipping
HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION: combining of firms into one large corporation
VERTICAL INTEGRATION: single company owns entire process from raw materials to finished product.

Dawes Act

Feb 8, 1887

Federal law providing nativie american families with 160 acres of reservation land for farming and 320 for grazing.
WHY: In hopes of aiimulating natives into white culture. Wnating to get rid of tribes and treat natives as individuals

Gospel of Wealth

Jun 19, 1889

Written by Andre Carnegie
Promoted darwinism
Wealth among few was better with bet result for capitalism

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Feb 21, 1890

Banned any formations retricting trade
Not Distinguishing between abd and good truts
Showed Gov. moving away from laissez faire EFFECT ON UNIONS: forbade any a "restraint of commerce" across state lines. Showed the strikes and boyotts were covered by the law.

Populism

Aug 22, 1892

William Jannings Bryan
POLICIES: Gold standard, Income tax, direct election of senators, secret ballot , represent common folk against big business and rr
SOUTHERN RACISM: populist movements were biracial, Southerners felt threatened, pushed harder to limit democratic reform.
WHY IT FAILED: alienated african-american populists

Frederick Jackson Turner Thesis

Aug 18, 1894

WHAT: humanity would continue to progress as losg as there was land to move into.
=frontier
"The Significance of the Frontier in American History"
ARGUED: moving west shaped U.S democracy
Releases AMericans from euorpean mindsets

Brown V. Education and Plessy V. Ferguson

May 18, 1896

Topeka
Seperat but equal in school is NOT good and violates 14th ammendment OVERTURNS PLESSY V FERGUSON- said yes to seperate but equal

Spanish American War http://www.history.com/topics/spanish-american-war/videos

Period: Apr 25, 1898 to Aug 26, 1898

"Splendid little war"
U.S vs Spain
WHERE: cuba and philippines
RESULTS: CUba's independece and US annexing of PUerto Rico, GUam, and PHillipines
YELLOW JOURNALISM: HEarst, Puliter published overexagerated articles to anger AMerican public towards span
U.S.S MAINE: ship that explodes of coast of CUba, U.S blames spanish
PHILLIPINES: wanted independence after signing of treaty of paris. Emilio Aquinaldo

Open Door Policy

Sep 6, 1899

WHAT: Statment of u.s foregih policy toward china. ANy country can hae equal access to any chinese port open to trade
WHO: John Jay
Splits up china
=Boxer Rebellion

Frederick DOuglas v.s Du Bois

Oct 16, 1901

DUBOIS: believed that blacks needed to contribute to society in order to share it. Needed uniting of african amerifcans all oer the world.
DOUGLAS: just wanted everyone to intergrate. BTH SUPPORTED AFRICAN AMERICANS!

Progressivism

Feb 26, 1906

WHY: increase democracy in U.S by curbing power of corporation.
MUCKRAKERS: journalist uncovring shameful realikty of american life. Ida Tarbell, Steffens, Riis, Sinclair, Social Gospel
REFORMS: civil rights, conservation, health and meidicine, socialism, temperance, trust busting, womans rights, labor,

WW1 Industry

Dec 1, 1908

MODET T- HEnry ford. Affordable. = ASSEMBLY LINE
regular work hours
job benefitts
FORD= every mans car
faster production= smaller price
helped in war by building weapons

WW2 VS WW1 Draft

Jun 5, 1917

SIMILAR
WW1- easier to get out of it. Wasn't in the war for long, so not much time to protect system. = GI bill,. essense of hero
WW2- protests, university riots, people don't want to leave their lives

Post WW1 Attitudes

Jan 1, 1920

ISOLATIONISM= AMERICANISM
JAZZ AGE
COMMUNISM
nativism= limits on immigration
KKK
consumerism
woman: flapper, sexual awakening, workforce, stenographers, salweswoman
youth:jazzm, movies, fitzgerald, parties, keaton, chaplin

League of Nations

Jul 10, 1920

Last point of Wilsons 14
WHY: assembly with sedats for all nations and special council for great powers. Created after WW1
AMERICA DOESn"T JOIN!!
SENATE: foreign relations commitee, wanted to cut off debate, rejects treaty of versailles
no obligation to preserve territory

1930's isolationism https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjfBQCmOt2M

Period: Jul 10, 1920 to Jan 21, 1930

Emergency Quota act
RED SCARE
didn't want to approve treaty of versailles or joing elage of nations
EUROPEN DEBT ISSUE: needs to sell goods to pay u.s back, so US RAISES TARIFFS!
CONSEQUENCES: Great depression, couldn't sell and get goods internationaly, couldnt protect land, territory loss of control

Mellon Economic Policies

Aug 15, 1921

"trickle down" tax policies favored rapid expansion of capital invetments= tax shifting to middle class
Reduce national debt by making gov smaller= reduce national debt by 10 bilion
ANdre Mellon- Secratary of treasury during harding admin. Reduce tax on businesses and wealthy individuals

Scopes Trial

Jul 21, 1925

JOHN THOMAS SCOPES violated tennessee state law by teaching evolution in high school
WILLIAM JEENINGS BRYAN- prosecuter
CALRENCE DARROW- defender
fendamentalism prevalent in rural areas
seperation of church and state

1920's literature

Oct 31, 1926

T.S Elliot- nobel peace prize in lit
Hemingway= LOST GENERATION. The SUn Also Rises
SINCLAIR LEWIS- muckraker. main street and babbitt, satire
young people coming of age as writers

Kellogg-Briand Pact "Pact of Paris"

Aug 27, 1928

Pledge to get nations to outlaw ar
Ratified by 62 nations
instrument of national policy
signed by coolidge's secreatry of state and french foreign minister

Great Depression

Oct 15, 1929

1929- collapse of sock market = depression
HEAVY BORROWING BY EUROP FROM USA DURING WW1
buying and selling slows down
unemployment
tariffts from other countires to protect industries
HERBERT HOOVER
bonus march
teapot dome
Grapes of Wrath
NEW DEAL CHANGES THIS

Hoover attitude toward welfare and handouts

Mar 13, 1930

wanted to restore confidnence in eocnomy
AGRIGULTURAL MARKETING ACT
RUGGED INDIVIDUALISM- every man shoud fend for himsef
DIDNT WANT TO GIVE HANDOUTS TO POOR
SMOOT HAWLEY TARIFF- imposed highest tariffs on imported goods = global trade war
= emergency relief and reconstruction act
reconstruction finance corpaoration- heloped businesses to not go bankrupt
failed to fix bonus army

FDR http://www.biography.com/people/franklin-d-roosevelt-9463381

Period: Feb 20, 1933 to Sep 12, 1945

DEPRESSION AND WW2
NEW DEAL
4 terms
100 DAYS: alphabet soup programs
COURT PACKING: attempted to appoint one new supreme court juctice for every sitting over 70. didnt work
GOOD NEIGHBOOR: foreign poicy with latin america. economic influence rather in than military force
LEND LEASE: gova loans and suppliess to country who woud help u.s in defense

Labor Unions

Feb 16, 1935

GOMPERS: creator of american federation of labor. stable and unified union for skilled workers
AFL: 1886 (gompers) voicew orking class. FOught against labor and debated conitions. Strikes
CIO: LEWIS 1932. federation of u, organized workers in industrial u.

WAGENR ACT: 1935. granted rights to u, collective bargaiing
FAFT HARTLEY ACT: outloses closed shops and required union leaders to sign loyalty oath. required 80 day cooling off period before strike
SHERMN ANTI TRUST: against monopolies

Neutrality acts

Aug 31, 1935

WHY: avoid american involvment in WW2 by preventing loans to those countires taking part in the conflict
MODIFIED in 1939 to aow aid to great britain and allied nations

WW2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3sYrDmPZXUk

Period: Sep 1, 1939 to Sep 2, 1945

70 million killed
hitler invades poland in 1939
JAPANESE INTERNMENT CAMPS: relocation of japanese americans to "war relocation camps" becaue of aPEarl Harbor
WOMAN IN WORKFORCE: "rosie the riveter"
RCISM: double v. tuskegee airmen

Truman http://www.biography.com/people/harry-s-truman-9511121

Period: Jan 1, 1945 to Jan 1, 1953

FAIR DEAL: $ extension of New Deal. higher minimum wage, housing = Housing Act of 1914, Social Security Act 1950. opposition in congress
REPUBLICAN CONGRESS: attacked by thomas dewey
KOREAN WAR: communist north korea vs. non-communist south korea. UN helped SK
CONTAINMENT: resisting furhter expansion of communism in world
COLD WAR: US VS SOVIETS. THREATS!
BERLIN AIRLIFT: 1948 supplied food and fuel to west berlin citizns when russians closed off acces
GREECE: anti-communist aid

1950's https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsc3C2-GED0

Period: Jan 16, 1949 to Jan 4, 1960

SUBURBS: push to suburbs= families
NUCLEAR WAR SCARE: cuban missile crisis, russians building missile launces in cuba, kruschchev
BABY BOOM: 1946-1964. prosperity, better edu and jobs. high rates of marriage
DOMESTIC TEANQUILITY: preamble
SONSUMERISM: protection of intersts of consumrs
ECONOMIC BOOM: buy more, inveet in buisness and industries

McCarthyism

Feb 9, 1950

SENATOR JOSEPH McCARTHY- led search for communists in u.s. Leadership in Hounse of un- amerian activites comittee.

VIETNAM http://abcnews.go.com/Archives/video/aug-28-1968-anti-vietnam-protests-10690501

Period: Apr 25, 1954 to Apr 26, 1975

conmunist NV supported by chinese vs non-comunist SV supported by US
GULF OF TONKIN: 1964 congressional resolution authroizing johnson to take military action in vietnam
JOHNSON: war on poverty. food stamps and wefare, medicaid
NIXON: vietnamziation . nixon doctrine. watergate
PROTESTS: kent state. anti-war movement

Civil Rights Movement https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/03/05/black-history-bloody-sunday-timeline/24463923/

Period: Jun 15, 1954 to Aug 9, 1968

demand rights for blacks and minorites. Rosa Parks, montgomery bus boycott, march on washington
SIT INS: protests by black colege students sitting at "white only" lunch counterns demanding to be served .= Student Non-violent coordinating comm
SCHOOL DESEGREGATION: brown v education
MARTIN LUTHER KING: baptist minister. nonviolent resistansts assasinated in tenn. nobel peace prize
MARCH ON WASHINGTON: 1963. "I have a dream"
RADICAL LEADERS: Malcolm X, Black Panthers

sputnik

Oct 4, 1957

EARTH SATELLITE
Launced by MOSCOW- 1957
U.S Fears soviet dominance in tecnology in space= space race
=NASA

Cubvan Missile Crisis

Oct 11, 1962

JFK
CLoseset approach to nuclear war
U.S discovers soviets are making missile bases in CUba
JFK wants naval blockade from Island
Khrushcev says yes, on condiition that U.S doesn't invade cuba

1960's protests

Feb 19, 1963

COUNTER CULTURE. Hippies, new left, rock n roll, colurful clothes, drugs. = birth control, aids
WOMAN MOVEMENT: feminine mystique, National organizatioin for woamn, ERA, feminism, ferraro
gay rights, environmental, vietnam war movement, civil rights

Lyndon Johnson http://www.biography.com/people/lyndon-b-johnson-9356122

Period: Nov 22, 1963 to Jan 20, 1969

1964- civil rights act
1965- voting rights
War on poverty
GREAT SOCIETY- federal aid to education, civil rights
foodstamps, welfare
medicare, medicaid
CIVIL RIGHTS: no discrimination in work place, equal opportunity commisisio. 24 amm outlows poll taxes