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Determinism
Determinism was brought about because they did not believe criminals had free will they believed that crimes were committed by people due to factors beyond their control. The point brought across was if people don't have control over themselves then people should not be punished for the crimes committed. They thought these people should helped rather than punished. This made positivists think about helping criminals with rehabilitation. -
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Determinism
This theory has influenced the justice system because when someone is arrested for a crime their health is assessed to see if they have any mental illnesses. We have mental hospitals where they are sent to serve their time if this is the case. Other factors are considered when prosecuting someone for a crime. -
Classical Theory
CCesare Beccaria came up with this theory based on the fact that he didn't think criminals were being punished fairly. He wanted things to change so there were no classes considered in the courts, this is because he believed that everybody was born equal. He wanted people to receive equal punishment if they had committed the crimes regardless of those people being rich or poor. This has influenced how crime is dealt with today as people receive fast, fair punishments regardless of their class. -
Classical Theory
The influence classical has given us today is to deliver fair fast punishment to everyone depending on their crime not where they come from. The punishments are used to deter people from committing crimes the worse the crime the worse the punishment this makes criminals think is it worth it? -
voluntarism
Voluntarism agrees with classical theory in the sense that they believe you know what you're doing and you make the choice to commit the crime. This became very popular with the public as they were enforcing quick and fair punishments. All of this took place because of constant reports in the media this applied pressure to the judges who then began giving harsher punishments to criminals. The punishments became worse to deter people from committing crimes. -
voluntarism
Voluntarism uses classical theory to punish criminals they do this because they believe classical theory had it right when they said criminals should be punished fairly, and the punishment should deter people from committing the crime. Today this idea is still used as punishments are harsh and make people think twice before committing a crime. -
Biological
This theory was brought about by Lombroso, he was highly influenced by Darwin's theory of evolution and took his ideas to come up with his thoughts on biology and crime. This lead to the development of Activism. -
Biological
The biological theory and positivism link together through the idea of biology even though positivism is based on mental health and Lombroso bases his findings on facial features they could work together to help determine what a criminal is like biologically. -
Positivism
Positivism was a theory where they decided to look at the whole picture such as mental illnesses to understand why a crime had been committed and what to do with the person if found guilty. This theory is linked to Lombroso biological theory this is because they believe mental illness is genetic. This is where we started to believe that crimes were committed by nature and not nurture. -
Positivism
This is where the idea of a cure came into light this was when the idea of mental homes and medication came out. They wanted people to be treated as individuals so that they were well looked after. This is where we started to understand more why some people may be committing the crimes that the commit. -
Interactionist
Howard Becker came up with this theory and the idea that labelling someone with a criminal status would not help prevent crime as it gives people a purpose, which then consumes them especially young people who are impressionable. This is a hard theory to prove as we do not know for sure this is the reason why someone people act this way. Criminals and non-criminals are not different from each other. This is hard to prove as not everyone reacts to labels. -
Interactionism
This helps today as asbos are not just given out anymore this prevents people acting out to get one just because their friends have them. -
Realism
Realism believe in the principle behind voluntarism which is similar to classists. However when realism came about they believed in giving punishments that weren't as harsh as they were in these theories. This is how we ended up with left and right realism... This is where the zero tolerance policy came in this is when the government decided certain crimes would be treated the same and have very harsh punishments. -
Right Realism
Wilson came up with this idea for the community to look after itself to prevent crime from taking place, the idea was basically that if there was an abandoned house in the community with a broken window people within that community should fix it to prevent criminals from taking advantage. If it wasn't take care of then this would just show the criminals that the locals didn't care what happened. -
Right Realism
This theory has helped us today because realistic goals have been set to prevent crime from taking place. We have systems in place such as neighbourhood watch, this gets communities to help each other and look out for anything that maybe going wrong. -
Left realism
The government believed that crimes had nothing to do with poverty it was all down to family values. They also believed that classes should be treated differently as rich people commit low profile crimes for fun whereas the poor do it for themselves this is how it was seen. They believed that longer sentences are the answer the more prisoners the better. -
Left realism
This has played a role in what we believe today as sentences have gotten longer for certain crimes however classes are still not taken into consideration they are still treated the same in a court of law.
