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1485
Henry Tudor invades and defeats Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth and is crowned king Henry VII.
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1486
•Henry and Elizabeth marry •Prince Arthur is born.
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1487
•Lambert Simnel invades from Ireland, and is defeated at Stoke •The Wars of the Roses end.
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1492
Treaty of Etaples with France.
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1493
Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the Crown, emerges in Ireland.
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1496
Scots invade England in support of Warbeck.
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1497
•Cornish rebellion •Warbeck captured.
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1501
Arthur and Catherine of Aragon marry.
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1502
Arthur dies.
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1503
•Elizabeth of York dies • Prince Henry and Catherine are betrothed; James IV and Margaret – Henry VII’s daughter – marry.
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1509
•Henry VII dies and Henry VIII ascends • Empson and Dudley are arrested • Henry and Catherine marry.
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1511
Henry joins the Holy League against France.
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1513
•Battle of Flodden; James IV dies •English victory at Tournai •Thomas Wolsey rises in Henry’s service.
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1514
•Peace with France •Louis XII marries Mary – Henry’s sister.
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1521
Henry orders the execution of the duke of Buckingham and writes a book on his Catholic beliefs.
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1522
•War with France •Henry ends his relationship with Mary Boleyn.
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1527
Henry starts divorce proceedings against Catherine.
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1532
Henry sleeps with Anne Boleyn, who becomes pregnant.
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1533
•Henry marries Anne •Archbishop Cranmer declares Henry’s first marriage null •Act in Restraint of Appeal severs ties to Rome •Elizabeth is born.
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1534
Parliament passes the First Succession Act and the Treasons Act.
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1536
•Catherine dies •Dissolution of the Monasteries •Act of Supremacy; Pilgrimage of Grace •‘Silken Thomas’ revolts in Ireland •The English Bible is approved •Henry marries Jane Seymour.
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1536
England became politically a protestant country.
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Period: 1536 to 1543
Wales became part of England under one administration.
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1537
Prince Edward is born; Jane dies.
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1539
Act of Six Articles.
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1540
•Henry marries and divorces Anne of Cleves •Thomas Cromwell falls •Henry marries Catherine Howard.
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1542
•Treaty with the emperor •War with Scotland.
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1543
Treaty of Greenwich betroth•Prince Edward to Mary Queen of Scots •Henry marries Catherine Parr.
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1544
•War with France •Attack on Scotland •Fall of Boulogne.
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1546
•The Howards fall •Henry makes his will.
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1547
•Henry VIII dies •Edward VI – aged 9 – becomes king •Duke of Somerset forms the protectorate •War with Scotland •Act of Six Articles is repealed.
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1550
•Peace with France •Earl of Warwick becomes lord president of the Council.
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1553
•Edward VI dies •Jane Grey reigns briefly •Mary succeeds and returns to the old ways in religion.
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1554
•Sir Thomas Wyatt rebels •England and Rome are reunited.
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1557
War with France.
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1558
Mary died.
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1560
English intervene in Scotland, resulting in the Treaty of Edinburgh; Elizabeth flirts with Lord Robert Dudley, whose wife, Amy Robsart, dies in suspicious circumstances.
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Period: 1562 to 1563
•England’s intervention in France fails •Treaty of Troyes.
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1564
William Shakespeare was born in 1564.
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1567
Mary Queen of Scots is imprisoned and her husband, Lord Darnley, murdered.
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1570
Elizabeth considered trade the most important foreign policy matter. Elizabeth's foreign policy carried Henry VII's work much further encouraging merchant expansion
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1572
•Treaty of Blois with France •Massacre of St Bartholomew’s day.
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Assassination of William of Orange, leader of the Dutch revolt.
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Anglo-spanish war
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•Spanish Armada is defeated •Robert Dudley dies.
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•Tyrone’s revolt in Ireland •Drake and Hawkins fail in the Caribbean.
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Capture of Cadiz •Second Spanish Armada fails due to weather.
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•William Cecil and Lord Burghley, dies •Peace of Vervins between France and Spain.
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About half the population could read and write.
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England felt the effects of the Renaissance.
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•Elizabeth dies •Robert Cecil secures the peaceful accession of James VI of Scotland.
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The use of Welsh names had almost dissapeared.