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In England a conflict arose over the succession to the throne between the families of Lancaster, with their heraldic symbol of a red rose, and York, with their symbol of a white rose. The war, which was marked by ferocious battles between nobles, finally ended with the coronation of Henry Tudor, or Henry VII, who was related to both the rival families.
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The Dutch scholar Erasmus of Rotterdam emphasised the importance of studying Greek and Latin for the Christian student. He brought Humanism, also called the 'New Learning', to England, where it was established in grammar schools all over the country and in the two universities of Oxford and Cambridge. -
Henry VIII was strong, intelligent and handsome. He had six wives. His first wife was Catherine of Aragon, from Spain. They had a daughter, but he wanted a son, so he decided to divorce from her. But the pope in Rome was against divorce, so Henry VIII founded a new Protestant Church, the Church of England, and became its ruler.
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Sir Thomas More was an English lawyer, scholar, writer, member of Parliament and chancellor in the reign of Henry VIII. The publication of his Utopia moved England closer to North-European thought and the origins of Protestantism. -
Martin Luther nailed his anti-Catholic theses to the door of Wittenberg Castle Church to protest against the outrageous practice of indulgences. After his excommunication in 1521, he abandoned monastic life and devoted himself to teaching and preaching. His translation of the Bible into German represents a milestone of the Protestant Reformation. -
Henry VIII's wife, Catherine of Aragon, failed to give him a male heir, so he decided to divorce from her and marry the pregnant Anne Boleyn, a lady of the court. -
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Jane and Henry VIII have a son and they call him Edward VI -
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The son of Jane Seymour and Henry VIII. Made Protestant doctrine more fully accepted. Religius services were held in English instad of Latin.
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