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Papal brokered deal dividing up the New World between Spain and Portugal, allotted basically what we now know as Brazil to Portugal.
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Joao III dispatches Martim Afonso de Sousa to clear the meddling French and Dutch out of Brazil and establish order. 15 captaincies are established 09/28/1532, effectively an ongoing process of dividing massive Brazil into states.
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New Holland in Brazil ends as the last Dutch leave the final holdout of Recife on 01/28/1654. There is later reparation payments from Portugual to the Netherlands for the financial loss.
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High tailing it out of town ahead of Napoleon's invasion days later, the Royal Court leaves Portugal and establishes itself in Brazil for over a decade. Unprecedented that a monarch would leave to reside in a colony along with (next slide -----> )
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Dom Pedro I is crowned emperor in a uniquely bloodless transition from colony to independent kingdom.