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Pharaohs were gods the Egyptians believed
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Nobles are below the P in society. Nobles are rich powerful families. Farmers, peasants, and slaves made up 80% of the population.
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The Egyptians believed that the afterlife was a happy place. Ka or a persons life force. when a person died his or her ka leaves the body and becomes a spirit.
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To help the ka Egyptians developed a method called embalming to preserve bodies and to keep them from decaying. Egyptians preserved bodies as mummies, specially treated bodies wrapped in cloth. Only royalty and other members of Egypt's elite, or people of wealth ond power could afford to have mummies made.
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The most spectacular were the pyramids, huge, stone tombs with four triangle shaped sides that met in a point on top. The Egyptians built the first pyramids during the Old Kingdom. Like all the pyramids it is an amazing example of Egyptian engineering, the application of scientific knowledge for practical purpose.
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pyramid texts "magical spells". the great pyramid of Khufu very cruel.
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Middle Kingdom began after a period of no pharaoh.
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A group from Southwest Asia called the Hyksos invaded. The Hyksos used horses, chariots, and advanced weapons to conquer lower Egypt.
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Finally a powerful pharaoh defeated his rivals. Once again all of Egypt was united. His rule began the Middle Kingdom, a period of order and stability that lasted to about 1750 BC.
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The Egyptians eventually fought back. Ahmose of Thebes declared himself king and drove the Hyksos out of Egypt. Ahmose then ruled all of Egypt.
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Toward the end of the Middle Kingdom, however, Egypt began to fall into disorder once again.
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Ahmose of Thebes drove out Hyksos.
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Empire took over Hyksos, Syria, & Kush. Empire from Euphrates River to Kush.
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The New Kingdom was a period of power and glory.
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Queen Hatsheput sent traders North and South.
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1200 BC Ramses fought Hitites - no winner (war of attrition)