The Movement Begins

  • Before 1865

    Most immigrants other than enslaved African Americans had come from eastern and western Europe
  • mid 1880s

    William M. Tweed controlled New York Cities political machine
  • 1907

    Southern and Eastern Europe supplied 80% of newcomers
  • Between 1860's and 1870's

    William M. Tweed controlled the NYC democratic group of city officials called the Tweed Ring
  • Late 1800's

    Calls for reform grew more important