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The Renaissance began in Italy during the 14th century and reached its height in the 15th. In the 16th and 17th centuries it spread to the rest of Europe. It was a rebirth of education, science, art, literature, music, and a better life for people in general.
was a cultural movement called humanism. -
The people said that this dome is a masterpiece of art, it contains the symbol of Florence, of Renaissance culture, and of all Western humanism.
The dome was built in 1420 by Filippo Brunelleschi, it is the largest masonry vault in the world. It is an octagonal structure in stone and brick masonry, with an external and an interior diameter , it consists of two domes, one internal and other external, composed of eight sails. The cavity between the domes hosts the stairway to the lantern. -
Pieta is an Italian word that means compassion . The Pietá is a quite detailed work saturated with a sense of humanity. It is a religious inspiration, it refers to the lamentation for Jesus when he was crucified. -
This masterpiece was commissioned by Pope Julius II. The primary purpose of the painting was to decorate the personal library of the Pope, but it was also intended to praise the Church.It shows that despite different methods, philosophy, science and theology have the same goal, to discover universal truth. This painting also had a third objective, which was to flatter the Pope. For this, Raphael created a fictional papal court, which serves as a metaphor for Julius II’s followers. -
Charles I of Spain, also known as Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire, was born on February 24, 1500 in Ghent, Belgium, and died on September 21, 1558 at the Monastery of Yuste in Spain.Charles I was the son of Felipe I of Castile and Juana la Loca. He inherited the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, becoming the first king of a unified Spain.He fought against the Ottoman Turks,defended Spanish territories in Italy.He also faced the Protestant Reformation in northern Europe.
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It was directed by José Antonio Galán. It was caused by the visiting regent Juan Francisco Gutiérrez de Piñeres, who increased the alcabala tax, established taxes on salt, tobacco and card games, and imposed new taxes on cotton textiles. The commoners wanted to change the history of Spain. Their intention was to win and appoint a king of Spain who was Spanish or who adapted to the characteristics they thought. If we had achieved this, today the history of Spain would be different.
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Signed on September 25. Was an agreement between the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and an alliance of Lutheran princes that paved the way for greater religious freedom in Western Europe. The treaty allowed for the prince of each state to decide on either Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism as the official religion in the domain over which they reigned. -
Philip II was the king of Spain from 1556 and the king of Portugal from 1580 to his death in 1598. He was a powerful Roman Catholic ruler. During his reign he went to war with several European countries. He was married four times. One of his wifes was Mary I of England. He was the son of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and Isabella of Portugal.
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The war of Netherlands independence from Spain, which led to the separation of the northern and southern Netherlands and to the formation of the United Provinces of the Netherlands
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was the second such revolt against the Castilian Crown in the mountainous Alpujarra region. The rebels were Moriscos, the nominally Catholic descendants of the Mudéjares following the first rebellion of the Alpujarras
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it is the alliance between the County of Artois, the County of Hainaut, and the city of Douai in the Habsburg Netherlands during the Eighty Years' War was established with the aim of defending the Roman Catholic religion against perceived encroachments by Calvinists in neighboring provinces. On 6 January 1579, they officially signed a declaration expressing their commitment to protect and uphold their faith. -
The Union of Utrecht, which took place on January 23, in the Dutch city of Utrecht. Was an agreement signed by the dissenting provinces of the Netherlands. At that time, these provinces were in opposition to the Spanish Monarchy during the Eighty Years' War. This agreement is regarded as the inception of the Republic of the United Provinces, even though it did not receive official recognition until the Peace of Westphalia was signed in 1648. -
The defeat of the Spanish Armada by England during the Anglo-Spanish War was a crucial event that marked the decline of Spanish domination in the oceans and consolidated England as a naval power. The Spanish fleet suffered great losses due to storms and bad weather in the English Channel, while the English fleet employed innovative naval tactics. The defeat had a significant impact on the history of both countries and on European geopolitics. -
Baroque art became popular in the 1600s. It started in Italy (started with the Catholic Church) and moved to other areas of Europe and the world.Some of the qualities associated with the Baroque are grandeur, sensuous richness, drama, dynamism, movement, tension, emotional exuberance, and a tendency to blur distinctions between the various arts.
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In this sculpture, Bernini ilustrates the mythological drama that occurs between Apollo, god of music and poetry, and Daphne, a virginal nymph. -
The Square of Peter, situated in Vatican City, is renowned as one of the most grand and expansive squares globally. Its design was artfully crafted to accommodate a multitude of spectators eager to witness the Pope's blessings, be it from the central area of the church's façade or through the windows of the Vatican Palace. -
It is also known as The Fable of Arachne. It was painted not for the king but for a private patron.The Spinners is a painting that depicts the Three Fates of Greek mythology as ordinary women working on a tapestry. The central figure, Atropos, is shown with scissors, while another Fate measures the thread and a third spins it. The painting combines realistic and mythological elements. It is regarded as one of Velázquez's most enigmatic and masterful works. -
Is a Western cultural movement.The impact of this movement was profound in politics and religion.Neoclassicism is characterized by clarity of form, sober colors, shallow space, strong horizontal and verticals that render that subject matter timeless and classical subject matter.Neoclassicist belief was that art should express the ideal virtues in life and could improve the viewer by imparting a moralizing message
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It shows three Roman brothers committed to fighting and giving their lives for Rome. The painting uses lines and colors to convey tension and drama. It is considered a masterpiece of neoclassical style and has a patriotic and heroic message. Additionally, it symbolically represents the ideals of the French Revolution, making it an important political work. -
Carlos IV is seated in the center, wearing regal clothing, with a serious expression. His wife, stands to his right, holding a rosary. To his left are their two eldest sons, with one in a military uniform and the other in a colorful suit. Other family members and attendants are shown in the background. The painting gives insight into the family dynamics and the individuals in power during this time. -