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It was a period between the 15th and 16th centuries that originated in Florence,Italy. Also it was a cultural movement marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity, characterized by an effort to revive the ideas of classical antiquity; it occurred after the crisis of the Late Middle Ages and was associated with great social change in most fields and disciplines, including art, architecture, politics, literature, exploration and science.
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The dome is an absolute masterpiece of art, also enchanting the world since the moment of its creation, (it is a symbol of Florence). It was built between 1420 and 1436 to a plan by Filippo Brunelleschi, and is still the largest masonry dome in the world. -
The Pietà is a marble sculpture of Jesus and Mary that represents the "Sixth Sorrow" of the Blessed Virgin Mary by Michelangelo Buonarroti, now in Saint Peter's Basilica, Vatican City.
It is a key work of Italian Renaissance sculpture and often taken as the start of the High Renaissance. -
It is a fresco by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael, located in the Apostolic Palace, Vatican City. This fresco was painted between 1509 and 1511 as a part of Raphael´s consideration to decorate the rooms now known as the Stanze di Raffaello in the Vatican. It represents all the greatest mathematicians, philosophers and scientists from classical antiquity gathered together sharing their ideas and learning from each other. -
Also known as Charles V of Germany. Of his 42 year reign only 16 years were spent in Spain, the remainder fighting to try and keep the empire together including a protestant front lead by Martin Luther in the north. The empire's capital was in Seville. Also, in 1526 he married Princess Isabel of Portugal.
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The revolt began with mobs of urban workers attacking government officials, grew to low-level combat between small militias, and eventually saw massed armies fighting battles and sieges. Was an uprising by citizens of Castile against the rule of Charles I and his administration between 1520 and 1521. The rebels controlled the heart of Castile, ruling Valladolid, Tordesillas, and Toledo. Some scholars say that the revolt was one of the first modern revolutions.
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It was a treaty between Charles V, and the Schmalkaldic League to accept the existence of both Lutheranism and Catholicism in Germany, signed on 25 September 1555 in Augsburg. The main cause of the Peace of Augsburg was the popular desire to resolve the religious dispute between Lutheran and Catholic rulers within the Holy Roman Empire. -
Felipe II was a member of the Habsburg dynasty. Under him, Spain reached the height of its influence and power, sometimes called the Spanish Golden Age. Also, heled a highly debt-leveraged regime, by seeing state defaults. He was important because before he becomes king of spain, he was the ruler of one of the largest empires the world had ever seen and during his life, he tried to expand the power of Spain, centralize the government, and protect the Catholic Church against Protestant reformers.
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It was a conflict between the Netherlands and Spain in which Netherlands want the independence from Spain, which led to the separation of the northern and southern Netherlands and to the formation of the United Provinces of the Netherlands (the Dutch Republic).
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The rebellion of the Alpujarras, also known as the Moorish Revolt, was the second revolt after the first rebellion of the Alpujarras against the Castilian Crown in the Alpujarra region now known as Granada. This revolt occurred during the reign of Felipe II. The rebels where Moriscos ( Muslims under Christian rule) The Christians forced them to convert to Christianity. This led discontent among Moriscos. Finally Moriscos lost and were expelled from Granada.
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The Union of Utrecht was signed in 1579 by the seven northern provinces of the Netherlands allied against Spain.This treaty established a military force to resist the Spanish and served as the basis of the Dutch Republic and later the kingdom. The key to the Treaty of Utrecht was to prevent the Bourbon Philip V from becoming king of Spain and France and for Philip V to retain the Spanish throne to cede the right to the French throne to his five-year-old nephew, Louis XV. -
The Treaty of Arras was a peace treaty concluded between the Spanish Crown, and representatives of the County of Hainaut, the County of Artois, and the cities of Douai, Lille, Orchies and Arras, all members of the Union of Arras.
It was a separate peace that formally ended the state of war that had existed between these entities during the Eighty Years' War. The provinces and towns that had formed the Union of Utrecht continued the war. -
The factors that contribute the defeat of the Spanish Armada are:
- The English ships were longer, lower and faster than their Spanish rivals that means that the ships were more manoueverable than the heavy Spanish ships. -The decks fore and aft had been lowered to give greater stability, and this meant more guns could be carried to fire lethal broadsides. The ships were also more manoueverable than the heavy Spanish vessels.- The bad weather conditions.
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The Baroque art is a Western style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that started from the early 17th century until the 18th century. This type of art emphasizes dramatic, exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted, detail and sensual richness, dramatic realism, intense emotion, and movement.
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Apollo and Daphne is a marble sculpture by the Italian artist Bernini. This sculpture is recognised as one of the most famous artistic marvels of the Baroque age. This sculpture is located in the Galleria Borghese in Rome.This sculpture represents the story of Apollo and Daphne, written in Ovid's Metamorphoses, by the dramaturg Ovidio, where the nymph Daphne escapes Apollo's advances by transforming into a laurel tree. -
Peter's Square is one of the largest and most beautiful squares in the world. It is located in Vatican City, at the feet of St. Peter's Basilica. The dimensions of the square are spectacular: 320 meters long and 240 meters wide. It is so sepcial because it welcomes and leads the faithful to the Basilica and it is also a powerful symbol in perfect harmony with the Church's message. -
The Spinners is a painting in the period of the baroque age by the Spanish painter Diego Velázquez. It is also known by the title of the Fable of Arachne, where Athena challenged Arachne to weave better than her, and being offended by her hubris, transformed her into a spider. -
Neoclassicism in the arts is an aesthetic attitude based on the art of Greece and Rome in antiquity, which invokes clarity of form, sober colors, shallow space, strong horizontal and verticals that render that subject matter timeless and classical subject matter.
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Jacques-Louis David's Oath of the Horatii is a painting of neoclassical art which represents the Horatii brothers taking an oath to fight for Rome. This painting is located in the Musée du Louvre, Paris. -
Is an oil-on-canvas group portrait painting by the Spanish artist Francisco Goya. He started working on this painting in 1800,then after he became First Chamber Painter to the royal family, and he finally completed it in the summer of 1801. This painting represents Charles IV of Spain and his family, dressed in the latest fashion with fine suits and jewels of the order of Charles III. This work is currently in the Royal Palace of Madrid and in the collection of the Prado Museum. -