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The life cycle of a plant begins with a simple seed.
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In the correct conditions (temperature, moisture, etc,) a seed will germinate.
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Once the seed has germinated and sprouted it is then planted in soil, the seed then starts to grow roots a stem and leaves. at this stage the plant is called a seedling.
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An adult plant will produce a flower or fruit containing seeds with the objective of reproducing. some plants are self pollinators meaning that they can produce seeds alone, whereas other plants need to be pollinated by another plant of the same type in order to reproduce.
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If the seedling is given the correct care and attention in relation to sunlight, water, soil conditions etc. it will eventually develop into an adult plant (mature plant).