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The Great Northern War was held in Europe beginning in 1700 between the coalition led by Peter The Great and The Swedish Empire led by Charles XII. Russia wanted to overthrow the Swedish Empire because they believed they held too much power.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3p5hNsxeE7o (picture) -
My project covers The Great Northern War. This war took place during 1700-1721 in Europe. This War interested me because I was very ill-informed about the war. This is not one of the popular or highly talked about wars. Also, since Russia is a powerful country today, I wanted to do this project to see if they were always very powerful or if they started off as a weak country. Enjoy!
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The war began with Denmark invading Holstein-Gottorp. Sweden in response, invaded Zeeland threatening to overrun Copenhagen. This pushed Denmark to quickly withdraw from the war.
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Charles XII of Sweden led his men to Poland which was led by Augustus II. Charles was anticipating an attack because Augustus and his army outnumbered Charles and his army two to one. Although Augustus army outnumber Charles' they poorly planned their attack which led to another Swedish Victory. Charles was able to claim Cracow and much of Poland.
https://weaponsandwarfare.com/2015/08/27/the-battle-of-klezow-or-klissow-9th-july-1702/ (picture) -
After Charles XII gained the Polish territory during his military campaign, he appointed Stanislas Leszczynski.
https://www.visitvoltaire.com/e_stanislas_leszczynski.htm (Picture) -
The Treaty of Warsaw was created in November 1705 to establish peace and an alliance between the Swedish Empire, and Stainslas Leszczynski and the Polish-Lithuanian. This treaty also awarded Sweden with commerce due to its victory in the Battle of Warsaw.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Warsaw_(1705) (picture) -
The battle of Fraustadt happened in 1706 and was between the Swedish Empire and allied Russia and Saxon Army. The Swedish cavalry and infantry successfully surrounded allied Russia and Saxon Army. While some tried to escape, others surrendered. About 14,000 soldiers were killed or capture which resulted in a true massacre and Swedish Victory.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fraustadt (picture) -
Charles XII decided to attempt to invade Russia. His strategy was to head straight for Moscow. Once all of his troops arrived to Holowczyn, the battle official begun. Sheremetev who was in charge of the Russian army had over 38,000 men at Holowczyn. he tried to attack a un guarded Swedish camp until the Swedish troops arrived. The Russia Army eventually withdrew making this another victory for Charles VII and the Swedish army.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Holowczyn (picture) -
The Swedish army spent the winter in Ukraine which ultimately weakened them. They still advanced in the battle of Poltava with a very simple plan. They assembled at night and moved to the redoubt line before dawn. Once the battle began, The Swedish made a quick success but it ended there. Russian began to slaughter the Swedish army and Charles the XII and the remaining army were forced to flee south. This ended in a huge Russian victory.
http://www.battle.poltava.ua/english/history.htm (picture) -
After being shot in the foot in battle and safely fleeing to Turkey, Charles XII urged the Sultan of Turkey to attack Russia because they were leading victories and gaining power. This led to the Russo-Ottoman war which was won by the Ottomans.
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The Treaty of Adrianople went into effect in June of 1713. This treaty was mainly between the Ottoman Empire and the Tsardom of Russia as a result of Turkey attacking Russia. this was the start of a peace agreement between Turkey and Russia for the next 20 years after Charles XII was sent back home to Sweden.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Peace-of-Adrianople-1713 (picture) -
Charles XII decided to plan attacks on Norway. He and his country were desperate for help from Turkish. During Charles' second attack in Norway, he was shot in the head while surrounding the fortress of Fredriksten. He died immediately.
http://www.thathistorynerd.com/2017/12/karl-xii-alexander-of-north-has-bad.html (picture) -
This was the first part of the Treaty of Stockholm. This part of the treaty was signed by Sweden and Hanover agreeing that Sweden would give Holstein Bremen and Verden in return for financial and naval support.
https://mycountryeurope.com/history/day-1720-treaty-stockholm/ (picture) -
Charles XII died. He was a major roadblock in creating peace between these countries. After his death, the war came to an end because all other countries were in agreement about making and keeping the peace. Since Britain and France along with the Baltic were concerned about the growing power of Russia, treaties were put into place.
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The second part of the Treaty of Stockholm was signed by Sweden and Brandenburg. This stated that Sweden would hand Stettin, South Pomerania, the islands of Usedom and Wollin over to Brandenburg and they would get money for them.
