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Pietro Metastasio
Court poet who was the most important author of librettos for the 18th century. His libretti were set over 800 tines in the 18th and 18th century. He wrote 27 three act heroic operas, 8 oratorios, serenatas, poems, and other dramatic works. -
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Giovanni Battista Sammartini
Galant Italian composer and innovator of the Milan Symphony, He wrote symphonies, concertos, overtures, quartets, sonatas, 5 stage works, sacred and secular music. -
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Farinelli (Carlo Broschi)
One of the most famous castrati in the 18th century. He was trained by Porpora. -
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Franz Xaver Richter
German composer, teacher, singer, and was the innovator of the string quartet. One of the foremost Mannheim composers. He composed symphonies, concertos, sonatas, oratorios, masses, motets, cantatas, and string quartets. -
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Wilhelm Friedemann Bach
German composer who was the son of J.S. Bach. He is known as the "Halle Bach" for his work in that town. He wrote keyboard works, concertos, chamber music, sinfonias, cantatas, and writings. -
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Prince Nikolaus J. Eszterhazy
Haydn's patron and employer until 1790. -
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Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
Oldest son of J.S. Bach who wrote in classical and baroque style. He worked for 30 years in Berlin for Fredrick the Great. He composed symphonies, keyboard works, hundreds of sonatas, concertos, arias, songs, choral music, and theoretical works. -
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Christoph Willibald Gluck
German opera- reform composer, often considered Baroque. He created a new balance between music and drama. He was jealous of Mozart. He composed operas, ballets, some vocal works, and a few sonatas. -
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Johann Stamitz
Galant symphonic innovator in Mannheim. He was a conductor, violinist, and teacher who helped establish the symphonic genre. He composed 58 symphonies, concertos, chamber music, orchestral trios, and sacred vocal works. -
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Leopold Mozart
Father of W.A. Mozart who was a composer, violinist, theorist, and teacher. He composed vocal and choral works, chamber music, symphonies, keyboard works, concertos, and writings. -
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Dr. Charles Burney
Music historian, author, and organist who traveled Europe and wrote about his observations. He wrote histories and memoirs. -
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Franz Joseph Haydn
A primary Austrian composer who served as an innovator and mover within the new classic style. He was a teacher, keyboardist, and violinist. He composed 106 symphonies, 83 string quartets, 20 operas, choral music, chamber music, and piano works. -
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Johann Christian Bach
Son of J.S. Bach who was influenced by his friend, Mozart. He set up concert series with Abel in London. He composed symphonies, operas, church music, keyboard works, and concertos. -
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Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart
German composer, poet, keyboardist, and writer who was praised for his keyboard playing by Burney. He composed songs and keyboard works. -
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Luigi Boccherini
Italian composer and cellist who wrote 91 string quartets, more than 90 string quintets, sonatas, sextets, octets, symphonies, choral music, and arias. -
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William Billings
Most prominent composer in New America. He was a singing teacher, but not the strongest composer. He composed Psalms, hymns, and writings. -
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Giuseppe Maria Cambini
Italian composer and violinist who was very popular and prolific in his day. He composed 10 operas, sacred and secular vocal works, 80 symphonies, 149 string quartets, and chamber music. -
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Domenico Cimarosa
Italian composer who was a central figure in opera in the late 18th century. He composed 65 operas, oratorios, masses, 6 quartets, and keyboard works. -
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Lorenzo Da Ponte
Italian librettist and poet. He collaborated with Mozart. He moved to the U.S. and was professor at Columbia College in NY. -
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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
German poet and writer who was a literacy enforcer behind Romanticism. Composers still set his works to music. -
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Antonio Salieri
Italian composer and teacher who functioned in the transitional periods between the Galant and the classic. Then again between the classic and the romantic. He composed 46 operas, oratorios, masses, liturgical music, cantatas, 180 canons, chamber music, arias, some orchestral music, and pedagogical works. -
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Muzio Clementi
English composer who was a keyboardist, teacher, music publisher, and piano manufacturer. He composed sonatas, chamber music, symphonies, and pedagogical works. -
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Austrian child prodigy who wrote in all genres. His best innovations were in operas. He represents the epitome of the classical style today. He was one of the best musicians and composers of all time. He composed 20 operas, piano concertos, other concertos, symphonies, sonatas, choral music, chamber music, songs, and other vocal works. -
Sturm und Drang
New style featured more emotional expression, which led to more compositions in minor. It was founded originally in German Literature. -
Industrial Revolution began
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States. -
Mozart's first symphony
Mozart composed his first symphony at the age of 8. -
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American Revolution
The American Revolution was primarily caused by colonial opposition to British attempts to impose greater control over the colonies and to make them repay the crown for its defense of them during the French and Indian War (1754–63). -
More use of Clarinet
The clarinet was now being commonly used in the orchestral and chamber music. This gave the composer a new tone color to manipulate in the music. -
Patented piano
A patented version of the piano merged in England. From this, the piano undergoes changes that strengthened and expanded its versatility. -
George Washington Elected
George Washington becomes Americas first president. -
Bill of Rights
The United States Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution and was ratified. -
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from France in 1803. In return for fifteen million dollars, the United States nominally acquired a total of 828,000 sq mi.