Imm1

The circulation of ideas

By Emmaperacca
  • Acta Diurna's birth
    130 BCE

    Acta Diurna's birth

    The first prototype of newspaper of the story, carved into stone to spread news in Roman Empire
  • 100 BCE

    Dibao, in China

    First Chinese official government report
  • The printing press' invention
    1454

    The printing press' invention

    Johannes Gutenberg invents a machine to create more copies of texts quickly

  • Single-page newsletters: European Corantos

    The first newsletters is almost immediately censored by the government as they do not help with his political propaganda

  • Archer and Bourne print "A current of general news"

    The first periodical is published in London, spreading the ideas formed in England and mainly linked to the Enlightenment
  • Milton's Areopagitica

    Milton's Areopagitica

    First written stance again censorship
  • First coffee-house in Oxford

    First coffee-house in Oxford

    The first purpose-built coffee-house is opened in England, frequented by professors

  • Landing of coffee-houses in Europe

    Coffee-houses spring up all across Europe as a point of reference for intellectuals to meet each other and discuss ideas, points of view, and information.

  • First London Coffee-house

  • Coffee-houses in London reach the number of 82

    Coffee-houses spread quickly demonstrating their success as sources of information.

  • The Oxford Gazette

    The oldest newspaper printed in English is published

  • Journalism becomes a vehicle of liberal principles

    In the early 18th century, journalism develops as a free profession, encouraging political and individual freedom. It also tries to achieve the moralization of public opinion among its middle-class public
  • "The Spectator" first edition

    "The Spectator" first edition

    Joseph Addison publishes "the Spectator", with an enormous influence on his contemporaries. The newspaper deals with topics such as customs and morals, the vices and virtues of society.

  • Decline of coffee-houses culture

    People start to drink coffee at home as it becomes cheaper, and coffee-houses become élite clubs for exclusive clientele

  • "Il caffè" first publication in Italy

    Pietro and Alessandro Verri publish "il Caffè", which talks about science, laws, and customs, expressing the most progressive ideas of the Italian Enlightenment.

  • Parliament opens to journalists

    After a strenuous fight against the government, English journalists manage to get the right to attend Parliament sessions and write about them
  • "The Daily Universal Register" founding

    "The Daily Universal Register" founding

    The newspaper that will become "the Times" is founded
  • Edmund Burke talks about "the Fourth Estate"

    Edmund Burke talks about "the Fourth Estate"

    Making a speech about the government's parts, an Irish politician points out journalism as one of them, marking the importance of the truth in governing a country.
  • Freedom of press

    Freedom of press

    The Bill of Rights, USA constitution, declares in the first amendment the freedom of speech and press

  • Most newspapers are biased

  • Newspapers become national

    Newspapers start to become national rather than local and also easier to be printed and distributed because of the improvement of technology.