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Census of 1860.
U.S. population: 31,443,790
Black population: 4,441,790 (14.1%) -
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Congress approves the Thirteenth Amendment. Slavery would be outlawed in the United States by the Thirteenth Amendment, which Congress approved and sent on to the states for ratification on January 31.
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The Freedmen's Bureau. On March 3, Congress established the Freedmen's Bureau to provide health care, education, and technical assistance to emancipated slaves.
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Death of Lincoln. On April 15, Abraham Lincoln was assassinated; Vice President Andrew Johnson, a Tennessee Democrat, succeeded him as president.
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First Bishop of Florida, Augustin Verot (1804-1876) from Florida sought 8 Catholic Sisters from his hometown of LePuy, France to teach newly freed slaves in Florida from the Sisters of St. Joseph “we must make a beginning by establishing schools -- a necessity…”
The missionaries were the first ever sent out from the Le Puy community of the Sisters of St. Joseph, and the only Catholic religious ever specifically charged to minister to the former slaves in America. “eight sisters of solid virtue -
1865-1869
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Eight Sisters of St. Joseph travel from France to New York by ship
Le Havre to Brest, France via Lafayette Ship
Steamer Lion New York to Savannah, GeorgiaBoat from Savannah to Picolata on Steamer CarolinePicolata to Palatka via St. Johns River on a Mail wagon (4 at a time) to St. Augustine
Stayed with Irish Sisters of Mercy
(Bishop Verot brought them to St. Augustine in 1859)
In November, however, six new postulants from Savannah, some of whom were Americans, helped them overcome the language b -
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On February 3, 1868, Sister Julie Roussel (b. 1822-d. 12/10/1886) and Irish Sister Mary Bernard Martin, who was still a novice, went to Mandarin to open schools for 51 white and 27 black children. (took 13 hours by cart from St. A. two trunks and orange seedlings) On February 10th, classes began; forty white students were taught in the main part of the church and twenty-seven black children were taught in the sacristy, a 12 x 16 foot room with one window. 9-noon and 2-4 daily “Black students rec
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1869-1877
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Black Men can vote
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First Jim Crow Segregation Law Passed, 1871
Tennessee passes the first of the "Jim Crow" segregation laws, segregating state railroads. Other Southern states pass similar laws over the next 15 years -
Added sisters Vincent and Gonzaga (Weedman), Miss Green, lay teacher and two orphan girls, Elizabeth and Helen Parson, trusted colored man Uncle Jack Mungeon, return by mule cart with Rev. Henry P. Clavreul riding along
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Birth of Carter Godwin Woodson. Carter G. Woodson, who earned a doctorate in history from Harvard and was known as "The Father of Black History," was born on December 19, 1875, in New Canton, Virginia.
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1877-1881
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James Abram Garfield, 1881
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Chester Alan Arthur, 1881-1885
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Grover Cleveland, 1885-1889
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Florida prohibits interracial marriage. In addition, the legislature bars schools from enrolling both white and black pupils.
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Benjamin Harrison, 1889-1893
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Census of 1890.
U.S. population: 62,947,714
Black population: 7,488,676 (11.9%) -
Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.
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Grover Cleveland, 1893-1897
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1895
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Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
The ruling in this Supreme Court case upheld a Louisiana state law that allowed for "equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races." -
William McKinley, 1897-1901
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Theodore Roosevelt, 1901-1909
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On 16 October 1901, shortly after moving into the White House, Theodore Roosevelt invited his advisor, the African American spokesman Booker T. Washington, to dine with him and his family, and provoked an outpouring of condemnation from southern politicians and press
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Florida railroad companies must provide separate waiting rooms and ticket windows for black patrons at all stations. In addition, railway cars must be clearly marked "For White" or "For Colored." Those companies that refuse to comply may be fined up to $5,000.
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William Howard Taft, 1909-1913
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Feb 12, 1909
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is founded in New York City. Originally called the National Negro Committee, the interracial organization's founding members include African-American anti-lynching crusader Ida B. Wells-Barnett, founder of the Niagara Movement, W. E. B. Du Bois, white suffragist Mary White Ovington, and Jewish social worker Henry Moskowitz. -
Census of 1910.
U.S. population: 93,402,151
Black population: 9,827,763 (10.7%) -
Woodrow Wilson, 1913-1921
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Feb 8, 1915
The Birth of a Nation The Birth of a Nation, a feature-length film directed by D.W. Griffith, premieres at Clune's Auditorium in Los Angeles. The film, based on Thomas Dixon's novel, The Clansman, is controversial for its depiction of the Ku Klux Klan as a group of southern freedom fighters. Despite protests from leaders in the African-American community and the refusal of several major cities to host the film, Birth will become a tremendous box-office success and one of the highest -
1915
Grandfather Clause The United States Supreme Court rules that the "grandfather clause," used by many southern states to restrict the black vote, is unconstitutional. -
Carter G. Woodson founded the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History.
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Three Sisters of St. Joseph are arrested for being white people teaching black children. Nuns released on bail.
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Census of 1920. U.S. population: 105,710,620 Black population: 10,463,131 (9.9%)
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the 19th amendment guarantees all American women the right to vote.
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Warren Gamaliel Harding, 1921-1923
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Calvin Coolidge, 1923-1929
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A Florida law requires schoolbooks used by black students to be stored separately from those used by whites.
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to handyman Nathaniel Long
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The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation, insofar as it applied to public education.
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One Old St. Augustine Road
Nathaniel Long, laborer
Birth: 5 Apr 1914; Death: 15 May 1995 -
Duval, Florida, United States - Age: 81;
Florida Death Index, 1877-1998,
buried African American St. Nichols
Cemetery, Beach Blvd.
Married Lucy Williams in St. Johns, daughter.
Delores (1935) m. Ransom Jackson 1952
two grandchildren Charyl Liptrot and Andre Jackson -
SIsters Thoma Joseph McGoldrick
Beyond the Call: The Legacy of the Sisters of St. Joseph of St. Augustine, Florida -
