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Topeka, Kansas. Segregation by race was ruled unconstitutional. Used to argue children with disabilities CANNOT be excluded from public education.
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Schools must provide supplemental services needed for children to attend school at no cost to the parent.
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(Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children)
States must guarantee a free public education to all children with intellectual disabilities, ages 6-21 regardless of impairment or associated disabilities. -
Programs receiving federal funds could no longer discriminate against a person with a disability. Provides a definition for the term appropriate education
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guaranteed free and appropriate education, least restrictive environment (LRE), individualized IEP, procedural due process, nondiscriminatory assessment, and parental participation. Starts at age 5.
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Disability activists across the nation demanded 504 of the Rehabilitation Act be enforced. Over 150 differently abled-bodied individuals took over and lived in City Hall for 26 days with the support of the Black Panther Party, The United Farm Workers and Glide Memorial Church.
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Schools must provide sufficient, but NOT the best possible education for FAPE. Amy Rowley, who was deaf was receiving higher than average grades and advancing from grade to grade, the courts considered it was sufficient under FAPE and refused to provide a sign-language interpretor.
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Free and appropriate education for students with disabilities extended to ages 3-5. Early intervention programs for children with disabilities from birth to two years old.
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schools cannot expel students for behaviors related to their disabilities.
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ensured that people with disabilities would not be discriminated against in public or private sectors. Provides equal opportunity to employment, accommodations, services, transportation.
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Replaced Education of the Handicapped Children Act, focuses on child-first language, "individuals with disabilities" rather than "handicapped child." adds transition programs at age 16, bilingual education programs, extends special education services to include social work
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Added mediation to resolve differences, general ed teacher part of IEP team, students with disabilities take state tests, behavior management plans, services continue even if expelled from school.
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Added early intervention reading programs, school choice for students from failing schools increased accountability on schools.
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Higher standards for special education teacher license/certification, increased funding to early intervention services, use of RTI, response to intervention
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Married on Maiu
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gives more control to the state over standardized testing, bullying prevention plans, decrease the amount of high stakes testing by allowing individual states to make decisions
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finished transfer requirements at College of Marin
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Hutchins Program
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AA in liberal arts, emphasis on social and behavioral sciences
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