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Council for Exceptional Children
CEC was organized by a group of educators attending the summer session at Teachers College at Columbia University and their faculty members. The Council began with 12 members. Elizabeth E. Farrell was the Founder and first President from 1922-1926. They are educators dedicated to advancing the success of children with exceptionalities. They accomplish their mission through advocacy, standards, and professional development. -
Brown vs Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case in which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. Brown v. Board of Education was one of the cornerstones of the civil rights movement and helped establish the precedent that “separate-but-equal” education and other services were not, in fact, equal at all.
Video Link: https://youtu.be/g41X6_XY1rQ -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act was a cornerstone of President Lyndon B. Johnson’s War on Poverty. ESEA is an extensive statute that funds primary and secondary education, emphasizing high standards and accountability. As mandated in the act, funds are authorized for professional development, instructional materials, resources to support educational programs, and the promotion of parental involvement. -
Vocational Rehabilitation Act (VRA) (Public Law 93-112, Section 504)
Under Section 504, students with disabilities have rights to reasonable accommodations. These accommodations should be outlined in a 504 Plan. A student with a disability is defined as a student who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, has a record of such impairment, or is regarded as having such impairment. Such accommodations can be used to maintain inclusion in a general education classroom. -
Education for all Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)
This is known as the Mainstreaming Law. It requires all states to provide a free and appropriate public education for children with disabilities ages 5 thru 18. It requires individualized education programs (IEPs), it first defined a least restrictive environment. -
Foundation for Children with Learning Disabilities
The Learning Disabilities Foundation is a tax-exempt public charity established in 1979 dedicated to providing funds for research and education and the promotion of public awareness of both children and adults with learning disabilities. The purpose of the Foundation is to provide support for charitable, scientific, literary or educational purposes, and for the accurate identification, ongoing evaluation and complete education of, and services for, children and adults with learning disabilities. -
Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments (Public Law 99-457)
An amendment to the All Handicapped Children Act, which mandated that individual states provide services to families of children born with disabilities from the time they are born. Previously, these services were not available until a child reached the age of three. -
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) (Public Law 101-336)
Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in the private sector. Protects equal opportunity to employment and public services, accommodations, transportation, and telecommunications. Defines disability to include people with AIDS. -
Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) (Public Law 101-47 6)
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a piece of American legislation that ensures students with a disability are provided with Free Appropriate Public Education that is tailored to their individual needs. The goal of IDEA is to provide children with disabilities the same opportunity for education as those students who do not have a disability.
Link: https://vimeo.com/147903494
IDEA website: https://sites.ed.gov/idea/ -
Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) (Public Law 105-17)
The Education for all Handicapped Children’s Act became the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. President Clinton reauthorized IDEA with several key amendments that emphasized providing all students with access to the same curriculum, additionally, states were given the authority to expand the “developmental delay” definition from birth through five years of age to also include students between the ages of six and nine. -
No Child Left Behind Act
Its goal was to level the playing field for students who are disadvantaged, including students in poverty, minorities, students receiving special education services, those who spoke and understand limited or no English -
Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) (Public Law 108-446)
Congress amended IDEA, calling for early intervention for students, greater accountability and improved educational outcomes, and raised the standards for instructors who teach special education classes. It also required states to demand that local school districts shift up to 15 percent of their special education funds toward general education if it were determined that a disproportionate number of students from minority groups were placed in special education for reasons other than disability.
