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Elections held for the Spanish parliament are won by the "Popular Front".
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Start of military rebellion against the Spanish government in North Africa, and then mainland Spain.
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This was a highly symbolic Nationalist victory in Toledo in the opening Stages of the Spanish Civil War.
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Start of Nationalist ground assault on Madrid.
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Bombing of the Basque capital of Guernica by German airplanes. The air raid was an attack on civilians, rather than a military target, and resulted in the destruction of most of the town.
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Battle of Brunete was a republican offensive against Nationalist forces to the west of Madrid
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In the middle of the harsh winter, Republican forces capture Teruel before being forced to retreat by a Nationalist counter-attack.
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Republican troops launch an offensive across the river Ebro. Despite initial success, the Republican army is eventually forced to back across the river by Nationalist counter-attacks.
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Nationalist forces enter Barcelona
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Fall of Catalonia to Nationalist troops. In the previous week, thousands of refugees had fled to France.
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Madrid is taken by Nationalist forces.
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Republican armies surrender. General Francisco Franco declares the war to be over.