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The Second Spanish Republic is the name of the regime that existed in Spain, when King Alfonso XIII left the country, and finished when the last of the Republican forces surrendered to Nationalist forces in
the Spanish Civil War. -
Manuel Azaña, leader of the left-wing party Acción Republicana, led the Government until 1933, in coalition with the PSOE and other left-wing parties. The Government started many reforms:Military Reform, Land, Religion, Education, State Organization.
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It defined Spain as a democratic republic of workers. It included freedom of speech and association, the separation of Church and State, universal suffrage to women, and the right to divorce.
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Victoria Kent argued that Spanish women were not yet prepared to vote because they were too influenced by the Catholic Church, and Clara Campoamor however defended women's rights regardless of their opinions. Finally, in the election of 1933, all citizens of either sex over 23 had the right to vote.
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The right wing parties won the elections and tried to eliminate all the reforms started in the previous period.
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In November 1933 the right wing parties won the elections and formed a new government. As a result, in October 1934 there was a general revolution organised by anarchists and socialists. It was specially important in Catalonia, where they started an autonomist rebellion, and in Asturias, where the miners controlled the region for two weeks.
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Socialists, Communists, Catalan and Madrid-based left-wing partie decided to work together under the name Frente Popular. The Frente Popular won the elections
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The Lieutenant José Castillo, Guardia de Asalto and member of the Unión Militar Republicana Antifascista, was killed by Falangists -
José Calvo Sotelo, Leader of the right-wing opposition, was killed by Castillo’s comrades -
The army uprising began in Morocco, it began as a pronunciamiento, but it resulted in the outbreak of a civil war.
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