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Zelayan Regime
The beginning of the Zelayan regime saw some progress, albeit somewhat socialist, on the econonmic side of the country. Foreign capital moved into the country only to be reinvested into infrastructure and state owned banks and farms. The country's import/export balance was far healthier than it had been, however this would not be enough to keep the support of Washington. https://nacla.org/article/i-somoza-apparatus
(see Arguello regime) -
The Formation of the Nicaraguan National Guard
In June of 1925, the US agreed to help the Nicaraguan government create its own military force. This was to be done in conjunction with formal US Army Major Calvin Carter. This source is originating from University of California San Diego, and comes from their library website. They also have citations on the cite for further corroboration. http://libraries.ucsd.edu/collections/about/collections-of-distinction/latin-american-elections-statistics/nicaragua/elections-and-events-19251936.html -
U.S. Marines Return to Nicaragua
With things dissolving into chaos upon the Marine exit in August 1925, the Marines were ordered to return to Managua in 1927. This was ordered by president Calvin Coolidge, and approximately 5,000 Marines landed in Managua. http://libraries.ucsd.edu/collections/about/collections-of-distinction/latin-american-elections-statistics/nicaragua/elections-and-events-19251936.html For origin see June 1, 1925 -
The Pact of Espino Negro
This pact was designed to help settle down the growing civil war and civil unrest due to the political climate. It was negotiated by General Moncada. Its terms were mainly that the liberal forces would disarm and disband and that a neutral American force would step in to preserve the peace. http://libraries.ucsd.edu/collections/about/collections-of-distinction/latin-american-elections-statistics/nicaragua/elections-and-events-19251936.html -
Removal of U.S. Marines
The removal of the Marines in 1933 was a major event because it would cause a power vacuum to form. This would be filled by Somoza García who would overthrow Sandino and would thus start the long reign of the Somoza dynasty. http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/usmchist/nicar.txt This source is a 38 page document published by the US Historical branch of the U.S. Marine Corps, with the purpose of documenting Marine intervention in Nicaragua from 1910-1933. -
The Election of President Sacasa
Sacasa was elected and would serve his country for roughly 4 years. His election was not supported by the United States and is part of the reason he would be ousted by Somoza in June of 1936. -
Arrest of Sandino and Two Other Generals
After a dinner with Sacasa, Sandino and two other generals were arrested by the National guard under the order of Somoza Garcia. This happened just after a dinner at the presidential palace. https://books.google.com/books?id=UdgJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA461&lpg=PA461&dq=sacasa+sandino+and+two+generals+arrested&source=bl&ots=3sWMQ3OrGt&sig=0j-GQUsivl1PB9SO-7JmAGXRQKI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwji65bT2NTRAhUH_4MKHdFgBn04ChDoAQgjMAM#v=snippet&q=arrest&f=false This is an excerpt from a book about Latin America. -
Swearing in of Arguello
Arguello was handpicked by Somoza Garcia to basically launder himself and hide himself so he could just overthrow him for "acting independently about three weeks later. https://nacla.org/article/i-somoza-apparatus The NACLA is a not-for-profit that reports on the historic happenings of thing in the Americas. While much of the language sounds pretty conservative, I still think the source is pretty good as it references various primary sources in it's reference section. -
Assassination of Somoza Garcia
Fatally wounded by a 27 year old poet after celebrating his presidential nomination. Garcia would be flown to the Panama Canal Zone where he would end up dying 8 days later and would be succeeded by his son. http://countrystudies.us/nicaragua/11.htm This source comes from the Library of Congress which is a source corroborated by the United States government, giving it a good deal of legitimacy. -
Death of Luis Somoza Debayle
The death of Luis Somoza Debayle would cause his brother, Anastasio Somoza Debayle to be ushered into power. This would turn out to be unfortunate for the people of Nicaragua as this last Somoza brother would be the most authoritarian ruler for Nicaragua yet. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Luis-Somoza-Debayle The origin of this source is Britannica Encyclopedia. This is an academic and reputable Encyclopedia. -
Managua Earthquake
A massive Earthquake hit Managua on 12/23/72 causing the death of roughly 5,000 people. This affected the regime in that the government successfully passed a referendum to give Somoza unlimited power in the state of emergency. http://libraries.ucsd.edu/collections/about/collections-of-distinction/latin-american-elections-statistics/nicaragua/elections-and-events-19711982.html For origin see 1925. -
Reelection of Anastasio Somoza Debayle
This election was undoubtedly unfair, and Somoza garnered nearly 80% of the popular vote. Regardless, this reelection would only solidify the control he had on the country and would help him to continue to pass legislation. http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/NICARAGUA_1974_E.PDF This source originates from the IPU which is an organization that works in conjunction with the United Nations and its parliamentary government constituents. -
Somoza Flees Nicaragua
Anastasio Somoza Debayle flees to Miami marking the end of the Somoza family reign. The world hoped for a peaceful transfer of power after the resignation but Francisco Urcuyo Maliañó would instead take power and continue what the Somoza's had previously started. http://web.stanford.edu/group/arts/nicaragua/discovery_eng/timeline/ This is an annotated timeline published by Stanford University and is an official university website.
