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Period: to
Social Movements
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Seneca Falls
The First women's rights convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York. -
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
In the United States the first definitive position on women's rights — hitherto intermingled with antislavery issues — was taken in 1848 under the leadership of Elizabeth Cady Stanton at the Women's Rights Convention at Seneca Falls, N.Y. -
Fourteenth Amendment
The Fourteenth amendment passes in Congress, defining citizens as male. -
Women's Suffrage
The influence of National American Woman Suffrage Association crossed the Mason Dixon Line to enlist support for a Federal amendment granting suffrage to women. -
Women's Movement at a Global Level
Militant political action among women began in Britain in 1903 with the formation of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) for the right to vote, under the leadership of Emmeline Pankhurst. -
Cesar Chavez
He is born in Yuma, AZ. -
The United Nations and Women's Equal Rights
The preamble to the United Nations (UN) Charter (1945) referred to equal rights for women; in 1948 the UN Commission on the Status of Women was established; in 1952 the UN General Assembly held a convention on the political rights of women. -
The Beginning of Change
Fred Ross recruits Cesar Chavez into Community Services Organization. Chavez becomes a community organizer, and rises to head the organization. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
Ruling stated, “Separate was inherently unequal… integration was ought to proceed with all deliberate speed.” But, not all America agreed. -
The Start of a Farmworker Association
Cesar Chavez leaves CSO and returns to Delano, California to start the National Farm Worker Association (NFWA). He is joined by Dolores Huerta, Gilbert Padilla, Jim Drake and others -
Public Figures in Favor of Segregation
George Wallace Governor of Alabama “segregation now, segregation tomorrow, and segregation forever.” -
The Beginning of the Marches
MLK began to lead the marches. Ralph Abernathy and him went to jail. But, James Devil took the lead while MLK was absent. He started the youth “whisper campaign” with student demonstrations. Many disagreed that using children as marchrs was a good idea. But, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth said, “we got to use what we got.” -
D Day
DJ Shelly the Playboy announces, “kids, there’s going to be a party at the park...” signaling the beginning of the children’s march. Over 900 children were arrested. Jail cells were full within an hour. -
Double D Day
police officers began to ignore the nonviolence movement. Police officers were waiting for children with German-Shepherds and fire hoses. They doubled the pressure of hoses to 100 lbs/in2 . Children and police officers were hospitalized and 1,922 children were sent to jail. Despite the horrible experiences, children sang; they sang a songs of freedom. -
Miracle Sunday (Mother's Day)
Theophilus Eugene "Bull" Connor was the Commissioner of Public Safety for the city of Birmingham, Alabama. He ordered the firemen to attack again, but they refused to follow his orders. -
Businesses Began to De-segregate
May 10-- businesses had had enough and began to desegregate. Children returned to school but were informed that they were expelled. The school’s decision was appealed by the district court in Atlanta before it was overturned and students were re-admitted. -
Time Magazine
Time magazine published 11 pages of the events. Thousands of people across the nation read it and 186 cities marched in support of the children. -
Birmingham Ordinances
Birmingham repealed its segregation ordinances. -
March on Washington
August the March on Washington showed that the movement was national. -
Schools end Segregation
In the fall, schools were no longer segregated. -
The Children's Last Sacrifice
After sunday school was ending, a bombing occurred. Five girls in the women’s restroom in the basement were buried under 30 inch thickness of debris. Their names were Addie Mae Collins, Sarah Collins, Denise McNair, Cynthia Wesley, and Carole Robertson. Four died. Sarah Collins survived. America was appalled. It was clear that the need for change was a painful one. -
Civil Rights Act of 1954
Outlawed segregation. -
Grape Strike
The Delano grape strike begins. The mostly Mexican NFWA joins mostly Filipino Agricultural Workers Organizaing Committee (AWOC) -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Reassured African Americans of their rights that were always a part of the law, but not always given to them. -
The 300-mile March
Farmworkers walk 300 miles from Delano to Sacramento in a pilgrimage that ends on Easter Sunday. NFWA signs its first contract with Schenley. NFWA and AWOC merge to become the United Farmworkers Organizing Committee (UFWOC) -
A National Boycott
Striking farmworkers and supporters begin a national boycott of California table grapes -
Fasting
Cesar Chavez fasts in Delano for 25 days. He is joined by Sen. Robert Kennedy at the end of the fast. The UFW campaigns for Robert Kennedy in the California primary -
Contracts
UFWOC signs three-year contracts with the Delano growers, ending the grape strike and boycott Salinas lettuce and vegetable growers sign with Teamsters Union. UFW protests deal and declares strike and boycott. -
Si Se Puede
The UFW admitted as full member to the AFL-CI. Chavez fasts in Arizona against restrictive farm labor law. The slogan of his fast is Si Se Puede! -
Victory win!
California passes the Agricultural Labor Relations Act (ALRA), the first law recognizing the rights of farmworkers to organize and bargain collectively. The UFW wins a majority of elections
