-
Pocahontas
Captain John Smith was kidnapped by the Powhatan tribe, and he was going to be subject to a mock execution. Powhatan's daughter Pocahontas saved Smith by laying in front of the war clubs that would have killed Smith. Pocahontas wanted to preserve peace between the Natives and settlers. To end the first Anglo-Powhatan War in 1614 Pocahontas married John Rolfe, which came to be known as the first interracial marriage in Virgina. -
Anne Hutchinson
Hutchinson was from the Massachusetts Bay Colony whom was the mother of 14 children. She believed that a holy life was not a sign of salvation and the truely saved do not need to listen to rules of God or men. The puritans banished her from the bay colony where she went to Rhode Island and eventually New York where she would be killed by Indians. -
Southern Woman
In the Southern colonies, men would tend to die younger and the families would be left. The fragility of Southern families advanced the economic security of woman in the South. The Southern colonies allowed woman to retain a seperate title to their property and gave widows the right to inherit their spouces land. -
New England Woman
Woman married young in the New England colonies. They produced babies on average every two years. Woman ended up dying young due to, too many child bearings. In the New England colonies they did not want to recognise woman yet in to society and they were forced to give up their property rights when married, but they did look out for widows and the safety of woman in marriages. Woman were not allowed to vote still. -
Salem Witch Trials
Adolecent girls in Salem, Massachusetts said that they were bewitched by older woman. A witch hunt ensued with legal lynching in 1692 of 20 woman. This was done due to the unsettled social and relgious conditions evolving in Massachusetts. The woman ended up being pardoned years later with reperations to thier families. -
Woman and Adultury
Adultry was frowned upon. Woman were whipped in public and were forced to wear a capitol "A" for adulterer. Based on Nathanial Hawthorne's novel The Scarlet Letter written in the 1850's. -
Women 1700's
Woman before and after the Revoultionary War would wear clothing down to the knee. Woman would not wear short skirts or short bathing suits until the 1920's came around with the flappers. At this time women would wear corsets and bonnents in thier hair. Woman were seen to take care of the children and keep the house clean. -
Abigail Adams
Abigail Adams was the wife of Declaration signer and second president, John Adams. She was a patriot in her own right. Abigail Adams was one of the fist Americans that implications of Revolution ideas to change the status of woman. She was known for teasing her husband saying that woman would forge their own revolution if they were not given political rights. -
Revoulution Woman
Some woman during the Revoultionary War disguised themselves as men and served in the militia. Also in 1776 New Jersey gave woman the right to vote for a time. Woman took roles of the idea of the "republican motherhood" to be keepers of the nations conscience. Betsy Ross constructed America's first flag. -
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Lewis and Clark went to exsplore the west under Jefferson. They were aided by Sacajawea, whom knew the area well. She hleped them on their journey instructing them on ways to get through the wild west. -
Troy Female Seminary
In 1821, Emma Hart Willard founded the Troy Female Seminary in Troy, New York. The seminary was the first American educational institution to offer young women a college education. Emma Willard fought hard to offer equal educational opprotunitites to women. 90 women from across the United States enrolling in the first class, the seminary filled a need for female education -
Peggy O'neale
Secretary of War John H. Eaton had married Peggy O'neale who was a women of rumors and scandal. She was scorned upon by many ladies of Jackson's close offical family. Jackson tried to intervene on Peggy's behave but was unsuccessful. Many people began to keep a close eye on Peggy and this also drove Calhoun and Jackson apart. -
Dorothea Dix
American activist on the issue of the indigent insane who, through a program of lobbying state legislatures and the United States Congress, created the first generation of American mental asylums. During the Civil War, Dorothea worked as an Army Nurse.Basically created the first place that accepted people and their health conditions. -
Seneca Falls Convention
The Senaca Falls Convention was assembled in New York for the women rights convention. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott led the convention. At the convention the "Decleration of Sentiments" was read which simply said that "all men and woman are created equal." This simply stated that both men and woman were equal to eachother. -
Women in the Economy
Women worked in factories under bad and opportunities were rare for women but did find jobs mainly in nursing, domestic service, teaching. Women would work prior to getting married and then they became a housewife. Women began marrying for love and nor arragned and family rate grew smaller. Women were beginning to interject themselves into more masculen type jobs. -
Louisa May Alcott
Louisa May Alcott was an American novelist and she was best known for the novel Little Women. This novel is based on her own childhood experiences with her three sisters. She did acknowledege the theory of transcendentalism in her writing. -
Emily Dickinson
Emily Dickinson was an American poet that drew her inspiration from the bible and other dark thoughts. She wasn't the most sane person because she wrote frequently about death, immorality, heartsickness, nature, life and love. Though many of her poems were dreary and depressing, many of them end with a bit of hope. -
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman was born into slavery but after escaping from she made thirteen missions to rescue more than 70 slaves using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. She later fought for women's suffarge and helped John Brown recurit men for his raid on Harper's Ferry. -
Women in Revolt
Women stayed home and were angered by the lack of voting rights they were allowed. Women also started to avoid getting married because men were considered supriour to women in all respects. Women were also considered weak and due to this discrimination women fought back by joining reforms for slavery. The Women's Movement was led by Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Candy Staton, Elizabeth Blackwell, Margaret Fuller, Grimke sisters. -
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Harriet Beecher Stowe was an American abolitionist and author and her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) depicted life for African-Americans under slavery; it reached millions as a novel and play, and became influential in the United States during the time of slavery. Her writing provoked the South while it energized anti-slavery forces in the American North -
Clara Burton
Along with Dorethea Dix, Clara helped transform nursing from a lowly service to a respected profession. Also being an American teacher, nurse, and humanitarian she was best remembered for organizing the American Red Cross. She worked as a nurse in the Civil War and those experiences motivated her to pursure nursing as a respected career. -
Sally Tompkins
Tompkins was a humanitarian, nurse, and philanthropist. She privately sponsoring a hospital in Richmond, Virginia to treat soldiers wounded in the American Civil War. Under her supervision she insistence on cleanliness which was key back then because there wasn't much known about infections and viruses. -
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Stanton had campaigned for women suffered for years and when the 14th and 15th amendment were ratified her and Susan B. Anthony fought aganist because women were still not allowed to vote. She was an American social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early woman's movement. She, along with others, motivated women to fight for their rights and reform to become equal with men and other races. -
Women’s Christian Temperance Union
This union was organized at a national convention in Ohio.Its members promoted the nation wide prohibiton of alcohol. These women wanted to eliminate the abuse of alcohol in families and society. Its first president was Sarah "Annie" Turner Wittenmyer. Sarah was a social reformer and relief worker. This union did not just focus on the abolishment and importance of prohibition but also on labor, prostitution, public health, sanitation and international peace. -
Women Knights of Labor (started in 1881)
The women Knights of Labor were founded in Philidelphia and they joined in 1881. The Knights of Labor by 1885 had 1 in 10 members that were woman. Mary Harris also known as "Mother" Jones was one of leaders for the knights. Women here could voice their oppinions and try and help fight for their discrmination etc. -
A Century of Dishonor
A Century of Dishonor is novel that was written by Helen Hunt Jackson. Helen expressed the treatment of Native American Indians at that time. Her intentions for this novel was to pursway the govenemnt to change their ideas and policies toward Native Americans. Her novel was written during a time when Americans started to really notice the hatred that the Indians endured. Her idea was to focus on the cruelty the Indians have gone through and hopefully gain some respect for them from the Americans -
Women affect New Immigrants (1899-mid 1900s)
Jane Addams who established Hull House was one of the first Women to get a college graduation who later won the Nobel Peace Prize. Also another prominant women was Florence Kelley. She fought for the sucess of women, children, and blacks. They both showed how the city gave many opportunities for women to achieve. -
Susan B. Anthony
Was a prominent American civil rights leader who played a pivotal role in the 19th century women's rights movement to introduce women's suffrage into the United States. Along with Stanton, she also pledged for reform for women and spoke badly of the 14th and 15th Amendement because they didn't include women. In later years she was co-founder of the first Women's Temperance Movement with Elizabeth Cady Stanton as President. -
National American Woman Suffrage Association 1890
In 1890 women started rallying for suffarge. Due to this the National American Women Suffarge Association was formed and lead by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. This association worked to pass woman suffarge legistaltion at the state and local levels. This organization ignited women to start fighting harder for women's right to vote. This organization was vital for the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendmant in 1920. -
New Industrial Revolution: "Gibson Girl"
During the 1890s woman were finding jobs from recent inventions. For example the typewriter, and telephone switchboard gave many opportunities for woman. The "Gibson Girl" portrayed women with careers, causing marriages to be set back and smaller families. Woman were still treated poorly; they had to work long hours and revieved lower wages. -
General Federation of Women’s Clubs
This club was also founded in the 1890's and aimed at women's suffrage and it was an international women's organization that focused on communitry improvement and enhancing the lives of others. It was a large women's volunteer service that wanted to improve the everyday American's life. -
Ida M. Tarbell and Jane Addams (cont.)
Ida Tarbell during the early 20th century was a muckraker. She was an influential journalist who published a true devastating story on the Standard Oil Company. Jane Addams spend most of her life helping immigrants. Also with Lillian Wald, both fought to end the corrupt city governments. This protected women from hazardous factories and to make sure children did not work in bad enviorments. -
Muller V. Oregon
The attorney Louis D. Brandeis asked the Supreme Court to accept the constitutionality of laws protecting Women Workers where he presented evidence of harm on womens bodies. -
Progressivism and Sufferage for Women
Women still did not gety the vote for another decade but they got a step further. They fought for "Votes for Women." In the west women got the right to vote earlier then the 19th Amendment was passed. -
National Women's Party
This organization was founded by Alice Paul in 1915 and it fought for woman's rights during the early 20'th century. This party along with the National American Woman Suffrage Association was opposed of World War 1. This party was involved with the Suffrage Parade on March 3rd, 1913. Their main goal was the radification of the 20th Amendment. They too picketed on Women's Suffrage during World War 1 and ultimately were succcessful in the end. -
The Car: 1920's
The invention of the automobile was a new thing for women, who were now further free from their sole dependence on men. More relaxed times could be spent on the road. -
Flappers 1920's
Women started to wear shorter dresses with a boxier style. The hemlines were risen, red cheeks, and stockings were rolled. The flapper was the women breaking out searching for a new life of independence. Women broke free from their uptight lives and began to wear new one piece bathing suits. -
19th Amendment
The National American woman Suffrage Association picketed President Wilson's home (the White House) for weeks and months on end in order to gain the right to vote for women in America. It wasn't easy to accomplish since around the exact same time, America had hastly entered World War 1 and woman's suffrage became inferior to the men that are over seas fighting for America. Eventually, women found their way into work and became more respected by men and the 19th amendment was passed in 1920. -
Margaret Sanger
Women still found jobs in the cities but for low paying jobs which became known as "Women's Work." Margaret Sanger was leader of the movement for birth-control. She wanted the usage of contraceptives. -
Adkins v. Children's Hospital
This supreme court case reversed the reasoning in Muller v. Oregon which gave special protection to women in the workplace. It was reversed because now the 19th amendment gave women the right to vote. Women were now equals of men and could no longer be protected. -
Great Depression
Women began to have fewer babies. Not only did women lose their jobs but men also. The Great Depression put a strain on families and their lives. -
Elanor Roosevelt
Elanor the wife of President Franklin Roosevelt was one of the mosts influential first ladies in the White House. She campaigned for her husband, where she gave speeches, and she had a newspaper column. Elanor policies influenced the national government. Elanor was against segregation, she did not agree with the fact that blacks and whites were sepparated. -
Frances Perkins
Frances Perkins was the first women to servee in a cabinet. She was the Secretary of Labor under Roosevelt. -
Women's Army Corps
The Women's Army Auxiliary Corps was created in 1942 and it was a military unit that consisted of women during World War Two. It was modeled after a similar British unit that consisted of all women. General Douglas MacArther said that the women involved in the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps were his "best soliders" saying that they worked hard and complained less. -
"Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service"
The Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service or WAVES was created during the World War Two era and, like the WAACS, consisted of all women. The WAVES were an offical part of the navy and the women participants had the same rankings as a male sailor. However, the waves were restricted to United States naval bases only and could not be involved in any combat but this was a large step of acceptance for women in a generally more male profession. -
SPARS
SPARS was also known as the United States Coast Guard Women's Reserve. Like other all women service programs like WAACS and WAVES, Spars was created to free men from stateside service in order to fight overseas. The first director of SPARS was Captain Dorothy C. Stratton. After being the director of SPARS she was the director of Girl Scouts of the USA. -
Women/Workforce
Women at the end of World War II made up the quarter of the workforce, but as the 1950's approached the feminine roles were focossed on housemaker and mother. The baby boom coming after the second World War caused the women to stay home with the family. The suburbs became the new home for whites, after blacks began to move to the cities. Mothers staid home with the kids as the father went to work. -
Baby Boom
After the war all the soldiers returned home and married their long time sweethearts and had families with them. Women gave up the jobs that they had aquired during their boys absence and returned to the home to have a family. Because of this baby boom new companies and created baby toys and materials and clothes for the later years of childhood. -
“Rosie the Riveter”
Rosie was a universal figure for the women working in factories during World War Two. Many of these women built war supplies for the men over sea. During World War Two, women left their position as housewives and went to factories to take the mens' place. However, when men did return home a lot of women returned to being a housewife. -
"I Love Lucy" and "Honeymooners"
Popular TV show that depicted the housewife. It shows how women would stay home where they would cook and clear whille their husband would make the money.
The Honneymooners as well as I Love Lucy showed the role of women during the 50's. -
Sylvia Plath and Anne Sexton
This women created poems that depicted the twisted emotions of the war. Sylvia Plath was an american poet that wrote Ariel and The Bell-Jar which was her only novel. This book was semi-autobiography that examplifed mental illness paralleling Plath's own experiences with what may have been clinical depression. Anne Sexton was also an Americna poet who won the Pultizer Prize in 1967. Themes of her poetry include her suicidal, long battle against depression, and intimate detaial of her life. -
Women in the Workplace
As TV shows in the 1950's decade depicted women as the loving housewive who devotes her life and time to her family and husband more women went aganist the grain and started getting more jobs. After World War 2, a lot of women returned to their homes but some stayed and worked alongside white collared workers. Women filled clerical and service work in teh three decades following 1950. The women had dual roles as workers and homemaker. -
Ozzie and Harriet and Leave it to Beaver
1950's television commonly depicted women as stay at home mothers who are brainwashed by the constent need to please their families and husbands by cooking them a home cooked meal every single night and not doing anything empowering for themselves. The truth was, this was a very accurate describition of women in the 1950's but during the whole decade the seeds of a women empowerment movement was in the making. -
Marilyn Monroe
Marilyn Monroe was an American singer and actress during the 1950's. She was the definition of beautiful and she was quite sexy which started a new up serge for women. Marilyn was in many movies including "Gentlemen Perfer Blondes" and "Some like it Hot". She was the face of all magazine and an icon for many women due to her succcess. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
In 1955, Rose Parks, a college educcated seamstress road on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama and sat in a white section only. Upon her refusal to move she was arrested and sent to jail. This one pivital action ignited the Montgomery Bus Boycott which last for a year before the segragated buses were abolished. Rosa Parks was the right person to ignited the Civil Rights protests because she was a good age for it, well educated, and she believed strongly her in cause. -
Birthcontrol
In 1960 the birthcontrol pill gave women the chance to avoid unwanted pregnancies. More women in the 60's were able to plan ahead and have the possibility to secure more jobs. -
The Feminine Mystique
Written by Betty Friedan this book was a classic of feminist portest literature that launched the modern women's movement. She spoke in rousing accents to million of able, smart, educated, women who were refreshed by her expression of housewivery being stiff and boring. Many women were inspired by this surge of power but some women were a little guilty and frustrated by unfeminine ways. -
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
This was made to eliminate discrimnation in hiring. Conservatives added the prohibition sexual as well as racial, discrimination, it backfired. The sexual claus ended up getting passed in the Title VII. This further enforced gender equality and racial equality in the workforce. Johnson also issued an order requring federal contractors to take "affirmative action" against discrimination. This helped both women and minorities.
